Pass Labs 1INT-30A owner manual Introduction

Introduction

INT-30A Owners Manual

Nelson Pass has been designing audio electronics professionally since about 1971, first with ESS (remember Heil Air Motion transformers?), and then forming a new company, Threshold in 1975. Threshold pioneered the design of high power Class A power amplifiers and later, high power amplifiers using only local feedback (the Stasis series).

Pass sold Threshold and created Pass Laboratories in 1991, where he concentrated first on elevating single-ended Class A power amplifiers to new power levels and performance, the Aleph series.

Along the way he found the time to design highly successful lines of amplifiers for such companies as Adcom and Nakamichi, and has contributed approximately 60 designs (so far) to the public “Do-It- Yourself ” audio hobbyist community.

Over the years, Nelson Pass has made power, simplicity, and performance his design signatures. The hardware tends to run heavy and hot, but elicits high performance and reliability from simple circuits with little or no negative feedback.

In 1998 Pass Labs released the X series of audio power amplifiers, based on the trademarked “SuperSymmetric” topology (U.S. Patent #5,376,899), which elicits high power and performance from simple circuits with minimal feedback.

The first X amplifier, the X1000 was intended as the premier example of the power of this principle, delivering 1000 watts rms into 8 ohms at low distortion. By itself of course, this is no miracle, but you have to consider that products with comparable performance have complicated circuits with as many as nine consecutive gain stages and lots and lots of negative feedback. The X1000 had only two stages and used only minimal local feedback.

The difference was the unique balanced circuit topology in which circuit errors are replicated at both output terminals so as to cancel and disappear across the loudspeaker terminals. The high quality of the sound reflects both the low distortion and simplicity of the gain path.

The SuperSymmetric circuit consists of two identical matched circuits arranged like the wings of a butterfly, showing symmetry from left to right, and operating balanced to the loudspeaker. The amplified signal appears with opposing phase and equal potential across the loudspeaker. Most of the distortion and noise appears in phase across the loudspeaker, and is not seen.

We start with simple FET circuits already having low distortion and noise, and arrange them in two symmetrical halves. The two halves of the amplifier channel are closely matched, eliminating a large portion of distortion and noise without feedback. A small amount of feedback is also applied, not so much for the purpose of reducing distortion but to make

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