C12(C24) is another coupling capacitor, and it serves the same purpose as C9 at the start of the circuit. This prevents the DC portion of the signal on the output of U2(U4) from being sent to the headphones.

The clipping detector circuit

The clipping detector circuit watches the headphone output signal level and flashes an LED when the output signal comes close to the maximum level available from the LM386. This level is determined by the voltage divider formed by R15 and R17.

U1C and U1D form comparator circuits for the left and right channels. The output signals from U2(U4) pin 5 is fed to U1C(U1D) pin 10(12), the ’+’ or non- inverting input, of the comparator. If this signal level exceeds the level on pin 9(13) the output, pin 8(14), will go to a high state about equal to the supply voltage of 9 volts. This forward biases diode D2(D5), causing it to conduct and apply a positive voltage through R16 and light the clipping LED D3. R16 is simply a current limiting resistor to prevent D3 from conducting too much current and ’burning out’. Because the outputs of the two comparators are basically at ground under non-clipping conditions D2 and D5 are needed so that if one comparator output goes high and the other is still low the current to light D3 is not grounded through the low output.

The looping buffer

The purpose of this circuit is to provide a signal which is identical to, but isolated from, the input signal to feed other devices such as additional SHA2 units, your tape recorder, etc. The isolation feature prevents the additional devices from interfering with the original input signal. For example if the other the device were to develop a short it will not affect the unit that it is being fed from.

U1A(U1B) are used as a unity gain amplifier or buffer. The input signal is feed through C1(C2), a coupling capacitor, to the buffer amplifier input pin 3(5). The output of the buffer then goes through C31(C32) to the buffered loop output. R1(R4) and R2(R3) form a voltage divider which sets a bias level on the ‘+’ input of the amplifier which is half of the supply voltage. This allows the input signal to swing around this point and produce an output signal which is between ground and the power supply voltage. This is basically the same way the clipping detector works except the output of U1A(U1B) is made to swing between 0 and the supply voltage as long as the input level does not exceed a peak-to-peak level greater than the supply voltage. Capacitor C31 (C32) removes the DC level of the output and presents a signal which is centered around 0 volts to the loop output jack. R19(R18) Provide a path for C31(C32) to discharge and also sets the impedance of the output. This low

SHA2 • 5

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Ramsey Electronics SHA2 manual Clipping detector circuit, Looping buffer
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SHA2 specifications

Ramsey Electronics SHA2 is a state-of-the-art digital transmitter designed for a wide range of applications, including DIY projects, short-range communication, and remote sensing. This powerful device allows users to transmit audio, data, and control signals wirelessly with outstanding clarity and reliability.

One of the standout features of the SHA2 is its transmission range, which can reach up to several hundred meters depending on the environment and conditions. This capability makes it an ideal choice for various applications, from hobbyist projects to more complex commercial uses. The SHA2 operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, which is a widely used frequency range that provides robust performance and minimal interference from other electronic devices.

The SHA2 incorporates advanced Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) technology, enhancing its resilience against potential disruptions. By rapidly changing frequencies during transmission, FHSS minimizes the chance of interference and improves the overall signal integrity, ensuring a stable connection even in crowded environments. This feature is particularly beneficial for applications that require reliable and consistent data transmission.

Moreover, the SHA2 is equipped with powerful modulation schemes that support various encoding methods. As a result, users can transmit different types of signals, including analog audio, digital data, and even coded control signals. This versatility allows for creative approaches to problem-solving in diverse fields, such as automation, security systems, and wireless audio transmission.

In terms of user-friendly design, Ramsey Electronics has made the SHA2 easy to integrate into existing systems. Its compact size, along with clearly marked connection points, allows for streamlined installation. The module's low power consumption is another critical advantage, making it suitable for battery-operated devices and applications that prioritize energy efficiency.

The SHA2 is also compatible with various microcontrollers and development platforms, ensuring seamless connectivity regardless of the user's preferred technology. With its durable construction and excellent performance specifications, the Ramsey Electronics SHA2 stands out as a reliable choice for anyone looking to leverage wireless communication technology effectively. In summary, the SHA2 excels in transmission range, interference resistance, versatile signal encoding, user-friendly integration, and energy efficiency, making it a prime candidate for both hobbyists and professionals alike.
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