ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ

.ﻞﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺯ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ [m] ﻂﻐﺿ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻚﻨﻜﻤﻳ

.ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺪﻗ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ [f] ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃً ﻚﻨﻜﻤﻳﻭ

ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺍ

.ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺮﻣ [m] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ

.ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻠﻟ [ﻉﺍﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ

.[m] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ

.ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻳﺮﻤﺘﻠﻟ ﻞﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺯ ﻂﻐﺿﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺩﺃ

[t] ﻭﺃ [F] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ ؛ﻞﻔﺳﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﺮﺤﺘﻠﻟ [M] ﻭﺃ [D] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ

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.ﻦﻴﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻙﺮﺤﺘﻠﻟ

 

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.ﻩﺎﺠﺗﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺯ ﺭﺩﺃ ●

.ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟ [o] ﻂﻐﺿﺍ ٣

16ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ