Aperture

Concepts in Photography

The aperture, a hole that controls the amount of light that enters the camera, is one of the three factors that determine the exposure. The aperture housing contains thin, metal plates that open and close to let light through the aperture and into the camera. The size of the aperture is closely related to the brightness of a photo: the larger the aperture, the brighter the photo; the smaller the aperture, the darker the photo.

Aperture sizes

Minimum aperture	Medium aperture	Maximum aperture

The size of the aperture is represented by a value known as an “F-number.” The f-number represents the focal length divided by the diameter of the lens. For example, if a lens with a 50 mm focal length has an f-number of F2, the diameter of the aperture is 25 mm.

(50 mm/25 mm=F2) The smaller the f-number, the greater the size of the aperture.

The opening in the aperture is described as the Exposure Value (EV). Increasing the Exposure Value (+1 EV) means the amount of light doubles. Decreasing the Exposure Value (-1 EV) means the amount of light halves. You can also use the exposure compensation feature to ﬁne-tune the amount of light by subdividing exposure values into 1/2, 1/3 EV, and so on.

+1 EV		-1 EV
F1.4	F2	F2.8	F4	F5.6	F8

Exposure Value Steps

Darker photo	Brighter photo
(aperture opened slightly)	(aperture opened wide)

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