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Seagate 77767496, Fibre Channel Interface 2.3 The advantages of Fibre Channel

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4 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D

Networks

Networks allow many devices to communicate with each other at will. This is usually accompanied by software

support to route transactions to the correct provider and to verify access permission. Networks are used for

transferring data with “error-free delivery” and voice and video where “delivery on time” is the primary require-

ment with error-free delivery being a secondary consideration. For example, when transferring video, it is more

important to provide on-time delivery of data to prevent loss of video frames than to lose one or two pixels in a

video frame.

2.3 The advantages of Fibre Channel

In addition to the channel/network support, Fibre Channel:

• Supports multiple physical interface types.

• Provides a means to interconnect physical interface types.

• Provides high-speed data transfer rates much faster than parallel SCSI.

• Separates the logical protocol being transported from the physical interface—this allows multiple protocols

to be transported over a common physical interface.

• Allows increased cable lengths. You can have 30 meters between each device when using twisted pair cop-

per media. Note that this 30 meters is between each device, not the total length (multiply the number of

devices by 30m to obtain total allowable length). Fiber optic media extended this even further by allowing

distances of 10km between each device.

• Increases the potential number of devices connected. Just one private arbitrated loop can have up to 125

devices attached. Even more can be attached in non-participating mode. Also, multiple loops can be

attached to fabrics to significantly increase the number of devices attached.

• Uses asynchronous transmission to fully utilize the available bandwidth.

• Allows flexibility in transfer rates, distances, media types, and protocols.

Contents

Main Page Page Page Page Page Contents Page Page Page Page Page List of Figures Page 1.0 Publication overview 1.1 Acknowledgements 1.2 How to use this manual 1.3 General interface description 2.0 Introduction to Fibre Channel 2.1 General information 2.2 Channels vs. networks 2.3 The advantages of Fibre Channel 3.0 Fibre Channel standards 3.1 General information Page Page 4.0 Introduction to topologies 4.1 Nodes 4.2 Ports 4.3 Links 4.4 Arbitrated loop topology 4.5 Topology and port login 4.6 Port bypass circuits 12 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Figure 3. Port bypass circuit physical interconnect 5.0 Data encoding (FC-1) 5.1 Encoding and decoding 5.2 Buffer-to-buffer data transfers 5.3 Data hierarchy 5.4 Ordered sets Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 6.0 Framing protocol (FC-2) 6.1 Frames Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 25 Table 9: Frame Control (F_CTL) bit definitions 26 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 10: Routing Control values Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 27 Table 11: Data type codes Table 10: Routing Control values (Continued) 6.2 Frame sequences 6.3 Exchanges 6.4 Credit Page 7.0 Classes of service (FC-2) 7.1 Class 1 7.2 Class 2 7.3 Class 3 7.4 Classes 4 and 5 8.0 FC Arbitrated Loop concepts 8.1 Arbitrated Loop physical address (AL_PA) 34 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D * character with neutral disparity. Table 12: 8B/10B characters with neutral disparity 8.2 Loop initialization Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 45 8.2.1 Loop initialization state machine Figure 11. Loop initialization state machine 8.3 Accessing another L_Port Page 8.4 Loop ports Page 50 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 9.0 Fibre Channel link services 52 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 9.1 Basic link services Table 18: Basic link services header Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 53 54 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 19: BA_ACC Payload Page 56 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 9.2 Extended link services Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 57 58 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 22: PLOGI Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 59 Table 23: Port/Node Name format 60 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 24: N_Port Common Service Parameters Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 61 Table 25: Common Features bits 62 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 26: Class Service Parameters Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 63 Table 27: Initiator Control fields Table 28: Recipient Control fields Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 65 Table 30: Port Login Accept Payload (PLOGI ACC) 66 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 31: LOGO Payload Table 32: PLOGO Accept Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 67 Table 33: FLOGI Payload 68 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 34: F_Port Common Service Parameters Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 69 Table 35: Common Features bits 70 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 36: Class 3 Service Parameters Table 37: Service Option Class 3 fields Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 71 Table 38: Fabric Login Accept Payload (FLOGI ACC) 72 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 39: PRLI Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 73 74 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 40: PRLI Accept Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 75 76 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 77 Table 41: PRLO Payload 78 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 79 Table 42: PRLO Accept Payload 80 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 81 Table 43: TPRLO Payload 82 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 83 Table 44: TPRLO Accept Payload 84 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 86 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 46: RLS Accept Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 87 88 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 47: RRQ Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 89 Table 48: RRQ Accept Payload Page Page 92 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 93 Table 50: ADISC Accept Payload 94 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 51: RNC Payload Table 52: Capability Entries Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 95 96 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 53: LS_RJT Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 97 9.3 FC common transport 98 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 99 Table 55: RFT_ID Payload 100 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 10.0 Enclosure services interface (ESI) 10.1 Discovery process 10.2 8045 mode Page 10.3 8067 mode Page 10.4 ESI command transfer 10.5 Enclosure-initiated ESI transfer Page Page Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 111 Note. The Page Code is always 00h for Enclosure Initiated ESI. Table 62: Initiate LIP Action Specific Bits 112 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 63: Enclosure Initiated ESI Page Format Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 113 10.5.3.1 Device Standard Inquiry Data page Table 64: Device Standard Inquiry Data page 114 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 10.5.3.2 Device Address page Table 65: Device Address page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 115 116 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 10.5.3.3 Loop Position Map page Table 66: Loop Position Map page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 117 10.5.3.4 Device Identification page Table 67: Device Identification page 118 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 10.5.3.5 Device Temperature page Table 68: Device Temperature page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 119 10.5.3.6 Port Parameters page Table 69: Port Parameters page 120 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 121 Table 70: Link Status page (Continued) 122 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 123 10.5.3.8 Spin-Down Control Action Specific Bits 10.5.3.8.1 Spin-Down Control Status Table 71: Spin-Down Control Action Specific Bits Table 72: Spin-Down Control Status Page 11.0 SCSI operations 11.1 SCSI-FCP 11.2 FCP CMND Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 127 128 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 75: FCP CMND Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 129 Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 131 Table 77: Typical CDB for six-byte commands Table 78: Typical CDB for ten-byte commands Page Page 134 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 11.3 FCP XFER RDY Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 135 136 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 81: FCP XFER RDY Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 137 11.4 FCP DATA The payload of FCP DATA frames transfer the user data associated with a command. Table 82: FCP DATA frame header 138 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 83: Frame Control bit descriptions Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 139 11.5 FCP RSP Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 141 142 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 85: FCP RSP Payload Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 143 *Fibre Channel frame byte number shown in parenthesis. Table 86: Response Information format 144 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 145 *Fibre Channel frame byte number shown in parenthesis. Table 87: Disc Drive Extended Sense Data Summary 146 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 147 Table 88: Sense Key Specific reference tables Table 89: Field Pointer bytes 148 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 90: Actual Retry Count bytes Table 91: Format Indication bytes Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 149 150 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 151 Table 93: Error codes for bytes 12 and 13 of sense data (values are in hexadecimal) (Continued) 152 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 93: Error codes for bytes 12 and 13 of sense data (values are in hexadecimal) (Continued) Page 11.6 Parameter rounding 12.0 Commands 156 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 94: Commands sorted by command name Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 157 Table 94: Commands sorted by command name (Continued) 158 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 95: Commands sorted by operation code Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 159 Table 95: Commands sorted by operation code Page 12.5 Format Unit command 162 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 163 Table 97: Format Unit parameter definition (format variations) 164 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.5.1 Format Unit parameter list 12.5.1.1 Defect List header Table 98: Defect List header Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 165 Table 99: Initialization Pattern descriptor Table 100: Initialization Pattern Modifier Page Page 168 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.6 Inquiry command Table 104: Inquiry command (12h) Page 170 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 105: Disc drive inquiry data format Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 171 172 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 174 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 175 176 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 111: Identification Descriptor Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 177 Note. Table 112: Identification Descriptor structure Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 179 12.6.5 Firmware Numbers page (C0h) Table 113: Firmware Numbers page (C0h) 180 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.6.6 Date Code page (C1h) Table 114: Date Code page (C1h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 181 12.6.7 Jumper Settings page (C2h) Table 115: Jumper Settings page (C2h) 182 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 116: AL_PA Select-ID mapping Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 183 Table 117: Device Behavior page (C3h) 184 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.7 Lock-Unlock Cache (10) command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 185 12.8 Lock-Unlock Cache (16) command Page 12.9 Log Select command 188 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 189 The Log Select and Log Sense commands use the same log page format. See Section 12.10. Table 121: Log Select Command field setting summary 190 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.10 Log Sense command Table 122: Log Sense command (4Dh) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 191 Table 123: Log Page format 192 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 124: Log Parameter structure Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 193 194 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 125: Threshold Met Criteria Table 126: Log Page codes Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 195 Table 127: Supported log pages 196 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 128: Write, Read, Read Reverse, and Verify Error Parameter Code field Page 198 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 130: Temperature log page (code 0Dh) Table 131: Temperature Parameter Format Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 199 Table 132: Command Initiate Parameter Format Table 133: Fibre Channel Link Format 200 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 202 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 135: Device Self-Test Results Log parameter data format Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 203 Page Page 12.11 Mode Select (6) command Page 208 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 139: Mode Select (6) parameter list Page 12.12 Mode Select (10) command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 211 12.13 Mode Sense (6) command Table 142: Mode Sense command (1Ah) Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 213 Table 143: Mode Sense (6) parameter list 214 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Mode Sense page descriptor header Table 144: Mode Sense page descriptor header Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 215 Caution: Table 145: Mode sense page code section reference 216 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Note. If all JIT bits are set to zero, the drive enables JIT0 only. Table 146: Unit Attention page (00h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 217 218 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 147: Error Recovery page (01h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 219 220 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 221 Table 148: Disconnect/Reconnect Control page (02h) 222 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 224 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 225 226 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 150: Rigid Disc Drive Geometry Parameters page (04h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 227 228 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 151: Verify Error Recovery page (07h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 229 230 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 152: Caching Parameters page (08h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 231 232 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Note. Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 233 Table 153: Control Mode page (0Ah) 234 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 235 Table 154: Notch page (0Ch) 236 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 237 Table 155: XOR Control Mode page (10h) 238 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 240 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 241 Table 157: Power Condition page (1Ah) Page Page 244 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 159: Method of Reporting Informational Exceptions field Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 245 12.14 Mode Sense (10) command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 247 Table 161: Mode Sense (10) data Page 12.16 Persistent Reserve In command 250 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 163: Persistent Reserve In parameter data for read keys Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 251 Table 164: Persistent Reserve In parameter data for read reservation 252 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 165: Persistent Reserve In Reservation Descriptor Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 253 12.17 Persistent Reserve Out command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 255 Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 257 Table 168: Persistent Reserve Out service actions and valid parameters 258 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.18 Prefetch (10) command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 259 12.19 Prefetch (16) command 260 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 12.21 Read (6) command Page 264 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.22 Read (10) command Table 172: Read (10) command (28h) Page 266 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.23 Read (12) command Page 268 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.24 Read (16) command (88h) Page 270 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.25 Read Buffer command Table 175: Read Buffer command (3Ch) Page Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 273 12.26 Read Capacity (10) command Table 178: Read Capacity (10) command (25h) Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 275 12.27 Read Capacity (16) command 276 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 277 12.28 Read Defect Data (10) command Table 182: Read Defect Data command (37h) Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 279 Table 183: Defect List Header description 12.29 Read Defect Data (12) command Page 282 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 185: Defect List (12) Header description Page 284 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.31 Read Long command Table 186: Read Long command (3Eh) 12.32 Reassign Blocks command Page 12.33 Receive Diagnostic Results command 288 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 190: Receive Diagnostics page code descriptions Table 191: Supported Diagnostic Pages format Table 192: Supported Send Diagnostic pages Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 289 Enclosure Services Information (ESI) Table 193: SCSI Enclosure Services Information (ESI) page format 290 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 194: Translate Address pageReceive Diagnostic Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 291 Table 195: Address field logical block address format Table 196: Address field physical sector address format 292 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 197: Default self-test diagnostic data bytes Page 294 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.36 Report Device Identifier command Table 198: Report Device Identifier command (A4h) Page 296 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.37 Report LUNs command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 297 12.38 Request Sense command Page Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 301 Table 203: Parameter list format for third-party addressing Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 303 12.46 Seek (10) command Table 204: Seek (10) command (2Bh) 12.47 Send Diagnostic command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 305 Table 206: Supported Send Diagnostic pages Table 207: SCSI Enclosure Services Information (ESI) page format 306 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Page 308 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 209: Translate Address pageSend Diagnostic command Page 310 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.48 Set Device Identifier command Table 211: Set Device Identifier command (A4h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 311 Table 212: Report Device Identifier parameter list Page 12.50 Start/Stop Unit command 314 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.51 Synchronize Cache (10) command Table 214: Synchronize Cache (10) command (35h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 315 12.52 Synchronize Cache (16) command Table 215: Synchronize Cache (16) command (91h) 12.53 Test Unit Ready command Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 317 12.54 Verify (10) command Table 217: Verify (10) command (2Fh) 318 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.55 Verify (12) command Table 218: Verify (12) command (AFh) Page 320 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.56 Verify (16) command Table 219: Verify (16) command (8Fh) Page 12.57 Write (6) command Page 324 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.58 Write (10) command trol. Table 221: Write (10) command (2Ah) Page 326 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.59 Write (12) command trol. Table 222: Write (12) command (AAh) Page 328 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.60 Write (16) command trol. Table 223: Write (16) command (8Ah) Page 330 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.61 Write and Verify (10) command Table 224: Write and Verify (10) command (2Eh) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 331 12.62 Write and Verify (12) command Table 225: Write and Verify (12) command (AEh) Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 333 12.63 Write and Verify (16) command Table 226: Write and Verify (16) command (8Eh) 334 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 335 12.64 Write Buffer command Table 227: Write Buffer command (3Bh) 336 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 228: Mode definitions Page Page Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 339 12.65 Write Long command Table 230: Write Long command (3Fh) 340 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.66 Write Same (10) command Table 231: Write Same (10) command (41h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 341 12.67 Write Same (16) command Table 232: Write Same (16) command (93h) 12.68 XDRead (10) command 12.69 XDRead (32) command 344 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.70 XDWrite (10) command 346 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.71 XDWrite (32) command 348 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 349 12.72 XDWriteRead (10) command Table 237: XDWriteRead (10) command (53h) 350 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.73 XDWriteRead (32) command Table 238: XDWriteRead (32) command (7Fh) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 351 352 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 12.74 XPWrite (10) command Table 239: XPWrite (10) command (51h) Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 353 12.75 XPWrite (32) command Table 240: XPWrite (32) command (7Fh) 354 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D 13.0 Drive features 13.1 Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology 13.2 Self-test operations Page Page 358 Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. D Table 241: Device Self-test mode summary 14.0 Seagate Technology support services Online Services Internet mySeagate reseller.seagate.com Presales, Technical Support and Customer Service Presales Support Technical Support Authorized Service Centers USA/Canada/Latin America Support Services European Support Services Toll-Free Support Numbers FAX ServicesAll European Countries (toll call) Africa/Middle East Support Services Asia/Pacific Support Services Appendix A. 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