ZyXEL Communications 964 manual Nic, Pac, Pap, Pns, Pop

Prestige 944S Cable Sharing Gateway with 4-port Switch

NetBIOS	Network Basic Input / Output System. NetBIOS is an extension of the DOS BIOS that enables a
	PC to connect to and communicate with a LAN.
Network	Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share resources, you have a
	computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together and you have an internet.
NIC	Network Interface Card. A board that provides network communication capabilities to and from
	a computer system. Also called an adapter.
Node	Any single computer connected to a network
One-way Cable	A one-way Cable Modem uses the TV cable for the downstream (receive) and a telephone
Modem	modem for upstream (transmit).
PAC	The box that calls/answers the phone call and relays the PPP frames to the PNS. A PAC must
	have IP and dial-up capability.
Packet Filter	A filter that scans packets and decides whether to let them through.
PAP	Password Authentication Protocol PAP is a security protocol that requires users to enter a
	password before accessing a secure system. The user’s name and password are sent over the wire
	to a server, where they are compared with a database of user account names and passwords. This
	technique is vulnerable to wiretapping (eavesdropping) because the password can be captured
	and used by someone to log onto the system.
Password Cracker	A program that uses a dictionary of words, phrases, names, etc. to guess a password.
Password encryption	A system of encrypting electronic files using a single key or password. Anyone who knows the
	password can decrypt the file.
Password	The encrypted password is no visible in the passwd file but stored in a shadow file that is only
Shadowing	readable by root. This prevents brute force attacks on the encrypted field to guess the password.
	see e.g.: http://whatis.com/shadowpa.htm
Penetration	Gaining access to computers or networks by bypassing security programs and passwords.
Phreaking	Breaking into phone or other communication systems. Phreaking sites on the Internet are popular
	among crackers and other criminals
Ping Attack	An attack that slows down the network until it is unusable. The attacker sends a "ping" command
	to the network repeatedly to slow it down. See also Denial of Service.
Pirate	Someone who steals or distributes software without paying the legitimate owner for it. This
	category of computer criminal includes several different types of illegal activities Making copies
	of software for others to use. Distributing pirated software over the Internet or a Bulletin Board
	System. Receiving or downloading illegal copies of software in any form.
Pirated Software	Software that has been illegally copied, or that is being used in violation of the software's
	licensing agreement. Pirated software is often distributed through pirate bulletin boards or on the
	Internet. In the internet underground it is known as Warez.
Plain Text	The opposite of Cipher Text, Plain Text is readable by anyone.
PNS	PPTP Network Server. A PNS must have IP connectivity.
POP	Post Office Protocol. This is a common protocol used for sending, receiving, and delivering mail
	messages.
Port	An Internet port refers to a number that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:) right after
	the domain name. Every service on an Internet server listens on a particular port number on that
	server. Most services have standard port numbers, e.g. Web servers normally listen on port 80.

J Glossary