Hitachi HTS541640J9SA00 Sector Addressing Mode, Emergency unload, Required power-off sequence

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Travelstar 5K160 (SATA) Hard Disk Drive Specification

12.3.2Emergency unload

When HDD power is interrupted while the heads are still loaded, the microcode cannot operate and the normal 5V power is unavailable to unload the heads. In this case, normal unload is not possible, so the heads are unloaded by routing the back-EMF of the spinning motor to the voice coil. The actuator velocity is greater than the normal case, and the unload process is inherently less controllable without a normal seek current profile.

Emergency unload is intended to be invoked in rare situations. Because this operation is inherently uncontrolled, it is more mechanically stressful than a normal unload.

A single emergency unload operation is more stressful than 100 normal unloads. Use of emergency unload reduces the start/stop life of the HDD at a rate at least 100X faster than that of normal unload, and may damage the HDD.

12.3.3Required power-off sequence

Problems can occur on most HDDs when power is removed at an arbitrary time. Examples:

Data loss from the write buffer.

If the drive is writing a sector, a partially-written sector with an incorrect ECC block results. The sector contents are destroyed and reading that sector results in a hard error.

Heads possibly land in the data zone instead of landing zone, depending on the design of the HDD. You may then turn off the HDD in the following order:

1.Issue Standby Immediate or sleep command.

2.Wait until COMMAND COMPLETE STATUS is returned. (It may take up to 350 ms in typical case)

3.Terminate power to HDD.

This power-down sequence should be followed for entry into any system power-down state, or system suspend state, or system hibernation state. In a robustly designed system, emergency unload is limited to rare scenarios such as battery removal during operation.

12.4 Sector Addressing Mode

All addressing of data sectors recorded on the device’s media is by a logical sector address. The logical CHS address for HTS5416XXJ9SA00 is different from the actual physical CHS location of the data sector on the disk media.

HTS5416XXJ9SA00 support both Logical CHS Addressing Mode and LBA Addressing Mode as the sector addressing mode.

The host system may select either the currently selected CHS translation addressing or LBA addressing on a command-by-command basis by using the L bit in the DEVICE register. So a host system must set the L bit to 1 if the host uses LBA Addressing mode.

12.4.1Logical CHS Addressing Mode

The logical CHS addressing is made up of three fields: the cylinder number, the head number and the sector number. Sectors are numbered from 1 to the maximum value allowed by the current CHS translation mode but can not exceed 255(0FFh). Heads are numbered from 0 to the maximum value allowed by the current CHS translation mode but can not exceed 15(0Fh). Cylinders are numbered from 0 to the maximum value allowed by the current CHS translation mode but cannot exceed 65535(0FFFFh).

When the host selects a CHS translation mode using the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command, the host requests the number of sectors per logical track and the number of heads per logical cylinder. The device then computes the number of logical cylinders available in requested mode.

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Contents Hitachi Travelstar 5K160 167Copyright Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Table of Contents 11.6 14.30 Limits of temperature and humidity Read Verify Sectors Ext Command 42h List of Tables Capacity GB General IntroductionAbbreviations ISO 10/16711/167 General caution Drive handling precautionsReferences 12/167Outline of the drive 13/167Part 1 Functional Specification 14/167Control Electronics Head disk assembly dataFixed disk subsystem description 15/167Description HTS541616J9SA00 HTS541612J9SA00 Physical Layout Fixed disk characteristicsFormatted capacity by model number Logical Layout80GB/p format Zone Data sheetCylinder allocation Function Performance characteristicsCommand overhead 18/167Full stroke seek Mechanical positioningAverage seek time including settling Average latencyMax. sec Ready Drive ready timeCondition Typical sec 20/167Adaptive power save control Mode transition timeOperating mode at power on Operating modesData integrity Data loss on power offWrite safety Write CacheAutomatic reallocation Error recoveryData buffer test ECC 24/167Environment SpecificationTemperature and humidity Corrosion testMagnetic fields Radiation noiseConductive noise Frequency KHz Limits uT RMS27/167 DC power requirementsRequirements Capacity 160GB 120GB 80GB 40GB Power consumption efficiencyPower consumption efficiency 28/167 Data reliability Service life and usage conditionReliability Failure prediction S.M.A.R.TPower switch design considerations Preventive maintenanceRequired Power-Off Sequence Load/unloadTest considerations 31/167Mounting hole locations Mechanical specificationsPhysical dimensions and weight 33/167 Mounting orientationLoad/unload mechanism Random vibration Vibration and shockOperating vibration Swept sine vibrationNonoperating shock Nonoperating vibrationOperating shock Mode definitions Sound power levelWeighted Sound Power Typical Bels Maximum Bels AcousticsIdentification labels Electromagnetic compatibilitySubstance restriction requirements SafetyPackaging Cabling Electrical interface specificationsInterface connector 39/1671 TX+ / TX Signal definitionsPlug Connector pin definition Signal 2 RX+ / RXOut of band signaling Shows the timing of COMRESET, Cominit and ComwakePart 2 Interface Specification 42/167Terminology GeneralIntroduction Device Device indicates HTS5416XXJ9SA00 HostRegisters Deviations from StandardPhysical Interface Register naming conventionDevice Control Register Command registerError Register Device RegisterLBA Low Register Features RegisterLBA High Register LBA Mid RegisterSector Count Register Status RegisterRegister Initialization Reset ResponseGeneral Operation Descriptions Execute Device Diagnostic Diagnostic and Reset considerationsPower-off considerations Logical CHS Addressing Mode Sector Addressing ModeRequired power-off sequence Emergency unloadPower Mode Power Management FeatureLBA Addressing Mode Power Management CommandsInitial Power Mode at Power On Standby/Sleep command completion timingInterface Capability for Power Modes StatusActive Idle mode Interface Power Management Mode Slumber and PartialPerformance Idle mode Low Power Idle mode12.8 S.M.A.R.T. Function Security mode Security Mode Feature Set12.8.6 S.M.A.R.T operation with power management modes PasswordUser Password setting Master Password Revision CodeMaster Password setting Operation from POR after User Password is setUser Password Lost 57/167Command Table Attempt limit for Security Unlock commandCommand table for device lock operation 59/167 60/167 Protected Area FunctionRead Native Max Address ‘F8’h Set Max Address ‘F9’h Example for operation In LBA mode Capacity native 536,870,91217-255 Set Max security extension commandsWord Content Reassign Function Seek OverlapWrite Cache Function 63/167Non recovered read errors 12.14 48-bit Address Feature SetNon recovered write errors Recovered read errorsPreserved software settings Software Setting Preservation Feature SetNative Command Queuing Setting Contents66/167 Command ProtocolData In Commands Data Out Commands Non-Data CommandsRead DMA Read DMA Ext Write DMA Write DMA Ext DMA Data Transfer CommandsFirst-parity DMA Commands Read Fpdma Queued Write Fpdma QueuedCommand Descriptions Write Log Ext Protocol Command Code HexA.R.T. Read Attribute Thresholds A.R.T. Read Log Sector Write Sectors Write Sectors ExtIndicates that the bit must be set to 71/167 Command Subcommand Command code Feature HexOutput Registers Input Registers 72/167Device Command Status See Below Error Register Check Power Mode E5h/98hRegister Data Feature Error See Below Sector Count LBA Low LBA Mid LBA HighDevice Configuration Freeze Lock subcommand C1h Device Configuration Overlay B1hDevice Configuration Restore subcommand C0h LBA High 03h = word 3 is invalid LBA Mid 00h Device Configuration Identify subcommand C2hDevice Configuration SET subcommand C3h Sector count 06h = Protected area is now established= Ultra DMA mode 1 and below are supported = Ultra DMA mode 3 and below are supported= Ultra DMA mode 2 and below are supported = Ultra DMA mode 0 is supportedExecute Device Diagnostic 90h 77/167Command Block Output Registers Flush Cache E7hLBA Mid Current Flush Cache Ext EAhLBA Low Current LBA High CurrentLBA High/Mid Format Track 50h Vendor SpecificOutput Parameters To The Device LBA Low Format Unit F7h Vendor Specific 81/167Identify Device response is complete Number of heads in default translate modeIdentify Device ECh 37C8h10-19 23-26 27-46 0003H 00xxHTravelstar 5K160 Sata Hard Disk Drive Specification Sata Gen-2 speed 3.0Gbps supported Native Command Queuing supportedRequests Sata Gen-1 speed 1.5Gbps supported00FCH FUA EXT commands supported =IDLE Immediate with Unload Feature=WRITE DMA Queued FUA EXT command =General Purpose Logging feature set supportedEnabled =READ/WRITE DMA Queued command112-118 0000H Reserved 119 4000H Maximum user LBA address for 48-bit Address feature set word Idle E3h/97h Output Parameters To The DeviceIdle Immediate E1h/95h 92/167Initialize Device Parameters 91h Read Buffer E4h 94/167Read DMAC8h/C9h Output Parameters To The Device Sector CountRead DMA Ext 25h 96/16797/167 Data left by previously processed Read or Write commandsRead Fpdma Queued 60h Read Log Ext2Fh Log Address definition 98/167Extended comprehensive Smart error log General purpose Log DirectoryExtended Error log data structure Error Log versionError log index 100/167101/167 Device error countExtended Self-test log sector Self-test descriptor index Command ErrorSelf-test log data structure revision number Extended Self-test log descriptor entryCounter Identifiers Counter Reset MechanismsPhy Event Counter 103/167Phy Event Counter information Read Log Ext Log Page 11hPhy Event Counter Identifier 104/167Read Long 22h/23h Read Multiple Command C4h Read Multiple C4hLBA Low Current Read Multiple Ext 29hOutput Parameters To The Device Sector Count Current Input Parameters From The Device LBA Low HOB=0Read Native Max Address F8h Read Native Max Address Ext 27h 109/167110/167 Read Sectors 20h/21hHead number of the last transferred sector. L=0 Read Sectors Ext 24h 111/167Will be verified Error occursRead Verify Sectors 40h/41h 112/167Read Verify Sectors Ext 42h 113/167Recalibrate 1xh 114/167Security Disable Password F6h Security Erase Prepare F3h 116/167Security Erase Unit F4h IdentifierHTS541680J9SA00 HTS541616J9SA00HTS541612J9SA00 HTS541660J9SA00Security Freeze Lock F5h Security level 1-Maximum, 0-High Security Set Password F1h01-16 Password 32 bytes 17-18 19-255 ReservedRevision Code PasswordSecurity Level Identifier=User / Security level = HighIdentifier 1-Master, 0-User Regards Password as Master PasswordSecurity Unlock F2h Seek. L=1 Seek 7xhCylinder number of the seek Head number of the seekOutput Parameters To The Device Feature Sense Condition F0h vendor specificSet Features EFh Deepest Power Saving mode is Low power Idle Set Max Address F9h 04h Input Parameters From The Device LBA LowSet Max Address Ext 37h 130/167 Set Multiple C6h Sleep E6h/99h 132/16714.40 S.M.A.R.T Function Set B0h 14.40.1 S.M.A.R.T. Sub commands14.40.1.1S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Values Subcommand D0h 133/16714.40.1.4S.M.A.R.T. Save Attribute Values Subcommand D3h LBA Mid ErrorStatus LBA High14.40.1.8S.M.A.R.T. Enable Operations Subcommand D8h 14.40.1.6S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector Subcommand D5h14.40.1.7S.M.A.R.T. Write Log Sector Subcommand D6h 136/167F8h Enable Automatic Off-line F9h 14.40.1.9S.M.A.R.T. Disable Operations Subcommand D9h14.40.1.10 S.M.A.R.T. Return Status Subcommand DAh 137/167138/167 Device Attributes Data StructureData Structure Revision Number Individual Attribute Data Structure Attribute NameBit Automatic Off-Line Data Collection Status Off-Line Data Collection StatusSelf-test execution status Value DefinitionOff-Line Data Collection Capability Error Logging CapabilityCurrent Segment Pointer 14.40.2.8 S.M.A.R.T. CapabilityData Structure Checksum Device Attribute Thresholds Data StructureSelf-test completion time Individual Thresholds Data StructureAttribute ID Numbers 14.40.5 S.M.A.R.T. error log sector14.40.4 S.M.A.R.T. Log Directory Attribute ThresholdError log data structure 14.40.5.1 S.M.A.R.T. error log versionError log pointer Self-test log data structure Selective self-test log data structure1FCh Reserved 1FEh Data structure checksum 1FFh 512 Error ReportingError Condition Standby E2h/96h Standby Immediate E0h/94h 148/167Write Buffer E8h 149/167150/167 Write DMA CAh/CBhContains current LBA bits 24 27. L=1 Write DMA Ext 35h 151/167Write DMA FUA Ext 3Dh 152/167Output Parameters To The Device Feature Current Write Fpdma Queued 61hWrite Log Ext 3Fh 154/167Write Long 32h/33h Write Multiple C5h Write Multiple Ext 39h 157/167Write Multiple FUA Ext CEh 158/167Write Sectors 30h/31h 159/167Write Sectors Ext 34h 160/167Timings 162/167 Erase Unit F4h onSpecific on Index Mounting orientation Non-data commands EnvironmentService life Set Features Physical dimensions PIO Data In commandsPower management features Shock Signal definitions Sleep149 166/167Copyright Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
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HTS541640J9SA00, HTS541616J9SA00, HTS541680J9SA00, HTS541612J9SA00, HTS541660J9SA00 specifications

The Hitachi HTS541660J9SA00, HTS541640J9SA00, HTS541616J9SA00, HTS541680J9SA00, and HTS541612J9SA00 are a series of hard disk drives that showcase Hitachi's commitment to high-performance storage solutions. These drives belong to the Travelstar series, which is designed primarily for mobile computing applications, such as laptops and external storage devices. Their compact design and reliable performance make them suitable for users seeking efficient storage in portable settings.

One of the primary features of these drives is their SATA interface, which allows for fast data transfer rates, thereby enhancing overall system performance. The SATA II interface provides a maximum transfer rate of up to 3.0 Gbps, ensuring that these drives can keep up with the demands of modern computing.

The storage capacity of these models varies, with options such as 160GB, 250GB, and 320GB, catering to diverse user needs for both personal and professional use. The HTS541660J9SA00 provides a generous 160GB capacity, while the HTS541680J9SA00 offers up to 320GB, making them suitable for users who require significant storage space for media files, applications, and documents.

In terms of performance, these hard drives boast a rotational speed of 5400 RPM, striking an optimal balance between speed and energy efficiency. This speed ensures relatively quick access times while consuming less power compared to faster 7200 RPM drives, making them ideal for battery-powered devices.

Another significant characteristic of these drives is the use of Hitachi’s Advanced Format technology. This technology increases the physical sector size of the drives to 4KB, enhancing error correction and overall data integrity. This larger sector size allows for greater data efficiency, significantly reducing the overhead associated with data storage.

Furthermore, these drives are designed with Shock Protection technology, which helps to safeguard the drive's internal components from physical shocks caused by accidental drops or bumps. This feature is especially important for mobile storage solutions, where portability can lead to unintentional impacts.

In conclusion, the Hitachi HTS541660J9SA00, HTS541640J9SA00, HTS541616J9SA00, HTS541680J9SA00, and HTS541612J9SA00 hard disk drives are exemplary choices for anyone seeking reliable, efficient, and portable storage solutions. With their combination of adequate capacity, enhanced data management technologies, and robust design, these drives effectively meet the demands of today’s mobile computing needs.
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