Sony CCD-TR3400 operating instructions Tips for manual adjustment, Understanding the exposure

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Tips for manual adjustment

When you shoot in manual adjustment mode, we recommend you to keep the exposure fixed to make a clear picture. This section shows you what the exposure is and how to adjust each item with the exposure fixed.

Understanding the exposure

Exposure is determined by aperture, shutter speed and gain, and is measured in EV (exposure value) as shown below.

Total EV = EV from aperture control

+EV from shutter speed control

+EV from gain control

The total exposure value can be varied or maintained at a constant level by controlling the aperture, gain and shutter speed.

Use the following graph to select the setting. One scale corresponds to 0.5 EV.

[a] Vertical axis: Aperture value (F value)

[b] Horizontal axis: Shutter speed (per second)

[c] Diagonal axis: Gain level (dB)

[a]		[c] (dB)
[a]	–		+3	+6	+9
(F)	–		+3	+6	+9
	3	0
1.6					+12
2					+15
2.4					+18
2.8
3.4
4

4.81

5.6					2
					2
6.8
8
9.6
11
14
16
19					500 1000 2000 4000 10000 [b] (1/sec)
4	8	15 30 60	125	250	500 1000 2000 4000 10000 [b] (1/sec)
		90	180	350	725	1500	3000	6000

: Brighter

Advanced operations

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CCD-TR3400 3-859-084-22(1)

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Contents Video Camera Recorder For the customers in Canada WelcomeFor the customers in the U.S.A Table of contents Precautions on camcorder care Using this manualPrecaution on copyright Checking supplied accessories Charging time Charging and installing the battery packCharging the battery pack To remove the battery pack Charging and installing the battery packBattery life When the NP-F930 battery pack is installed Installing the battery packTo prevent accidental erasure Inserting a cassetteTo eject the cassette Camera Camera recordingTo stop recording momentarily a Camera recordingTo finish recording b To focus the viewfinder lensZooming speed Variable speed zooming Using the zoom featureWhen you shoot a subject using a telephoto zoom If you wear glasses Hints for better shootingPlace the camcorder on a flat surface or use a tripod To begin re-recording Checking the recorded pictureTo stop playback If you connect directly to TV Connections for playbackIf your VCR or TV is a monaural type To connect to a VCR or TV without Video/Audio input jacksPlaying back a tape Using the remote commanderTo display the viewfinder screen indicators on the TV Playing back a tape When bars ------ appear To display the date when you recordedTo display the time when you recorded To remove the connecting plate Using alternative power sourcesUsing the house current Using a car battery Using alternative power sourcesUsing alkaline batteries Hi8 AUTO/OFF Changing the mode settingsItems for Camera mode only Changing the mode settingsHiFi Sound STEREO/1/2 Items for VTR mode onlyTo stop recording with the date or time Recording with the date or timeWhen fading out b When fading in aTo cancel the fade-in/fade-out function Fade-in and fade-outOverlapping two pictures Wiping away a still picture Enjoying picture effect To turn off picture effect Using picture effect functionEnjoying picture effect Recording a still picture To cancel still modeRecording still pictures successively To cancel the flash motionSuperimposing a moving picture on a still picture To cancel the luminancekeyTo change the end point Re-recording a picture in the middle of a recorded tapeSelecting the desired mode Using the wide mode functionUsing the wide mode function FullTo watch the tape recorded in wide mode Using the wide mode functionTo cancel wide mode To return to normal recording Selecting the START/STOP modeTo extend the recording time in 5 SEC mode Selecting the language Superimposing a titleSuperimposing a title Using titles To add the title from the beginningTo add the title while you are recording If you have not stored any original titlesTo select the position of the title To select the color of the titleInstead of selecting To store the title To edit a title you have storedIf you do nothing more than 5 minutes To delete a titleTo see if you have performed ORC Checking the tape condition before recording ORCEach time you insert the cassette To activate the Steady Shot function again Releasing the Steady Shot functionTo focus manually Selecting automatic/manual adjustment modesTo manually adjust the brightness Focusing manually Focusing manuallyWhen to use manual focus To return to autofocus mode Focusing manuallyTo shoot with autofocus momentarily To record a very distant subjectAbout the Program AE function Using the Program AE functionUsing the aperture priority mode To return to automatic adjustment mode Using the Program AE FunctionUsing the shutter priority mode When the aperture value is automatically adjusted to F1.6When shooting a very bright subject Using the twilight modeWhen shooting an excessively bright subject To select the best shutter speedWhen to use manual mode Using manual modeShooting in manual mode Using manual modeAdjustment of each item To adjust the apertureTo adjust the gain To change the settingTo lock the manual settings When recording with slow shutter function Using slow shutterUnderstanding the exposure Tips for manual adjustmentExample 1 changing only the shutter speed Tips for manual adjustmentCreating a desired picture without changing the exposure This function is also effective under following conditions Shooting with backlightingAfter shooting When adjusting the brightness Adjusting the brightness of the pictureTo cancel the AE shift Selecting the appropriate mode Adjusting the white balance· One push white balance mode Outdoor modeSetting the white balance mode Adjusting the white balanceTo return to automatic white balance mode When the light source changesAdvanced operations To search for the beginning of a specific date Searching the boundaries of recorded dateTo scan the beginning of all days To stop searching or scanningSearching the boundaries of recorded date Returning to a pre-registered positionWhen marking at the beginning of recording or playback Marking an index signalWhen marking during recording or playback Locating the marking positionScanning the beginning of each marking position index scan To cancel index scan modeLocating the marking position Locating the desired marking position index search To stop index search modeErasing an index signal To stop writing the RC time code Writing the RC Time code on a recorded tapeEditing onto another tape IndicatorWriting the RC Time code on a recorded tape Before editingStarting editing Editing onto another tapeTo edit more scenes To stop editingTo stop recording Recording from a VCR or TVTo check the picture from a VCR or TV before recording Replacing recording on a tape insert editing Recording from a VCR or TVChanging the lithium battery Changing the lithium battery in the camcorderTo correct the date and time setting Resetting the date and timeTo check the preset date and time Year indicator changes as followsLP long play mode When you play backUsable cassettes and playback modes Selecting cassette typesTips for using the battery pack Tips for using the battery pack Be sure to observe the following Brand-new battery packRecharge the battery pack whenever you like How to prevent moisture condensation Maintenance information and precautionsMoisture condensation Inside the camcorderVideo head cleaning Maintenance information and precautionsPrecautions Camcorder operation On handling tapesIf battery leakage occurred AC power adaptorCamcorder care ChargingDifference in color systems Using your camcorder abroadPower sources Camcorder Symptom Cause and/or Corrective ActionTrouble check Trouble check SymptomPicture When the Charge lamp does not flash again When the Charge lamp flashesSymptom Corrective Actions Input and output connectors SpecificationsVideo camera recorder System£ !¢ ! !¤ Identifying the partsIdentifying the parts ¥ !»@¥ @» #¼ #Á #ª To Watch the demonstration To enter Demo modeTo exit Demo mode To prepare the Remote Commander Remote CommanderTo avoid damage from possible battery leakage To use the Remote CommanderRemote control direction Attaching the shoulder strap AE a Operations indicatorsReplace Battery Tape Y, Z K, LCCD-TR3400