Reebok Fitness RBTL11982 manual Walking and Stress Reduction, Walking and Injuries, References

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Several studies have reported that regular walking at moderate to brisk speeds appears to increase bone density. Specifically, Fradin and his colleagues6 found that 70-year-old subjects who walked at least 30 min- utes per day had higher bone mineral content than subjects who walked less than 30 minutes per day. Jones and his colleagues7 reported that sedentary women (aged 30 to 61 years old) who began a regular walking program and continued for one year increased their bone density.

Since walking can be comfortably performed by people of any age, walking appears to be practical and effec- tive in reducing a person's risk for developing osteo- porosis.

WALKING AND STRESS REDUCTION

There are many stressors in today's society, including economic concerns, work-related pressures and the need to balance career goals with home responsibili- ties. People who are unable to cope with these types of stressors are often tense and anxious, and may even become physically or psychologically ill.

Researchers have found that exercise is one way to help people reduce stress. For example, subjects who engaged in a regular aerobic conditioning program and who altered their diets experienced significant gains in self-concept, feelings of well-being and reduced depression.8

Cramer and his colleagues9 specifically examined the effect of brisk walking on mildly obese sedentary women and found that walking improved general psy- chological well-being. Walking therefore appears to be an effective tool for improving psychological well-being.

WALKING AND INJURIES

Walking is often associated with a low injury rate. Walking is considered to be a "low impact" activity be- cause one foot remains in contact with the ground at all times. Walking at speeds of 3 miles per hour pro- duces vertical impact forces that are around 1.25 times body weight, whereas running at 7 miles per hour in- creases vertical impact forces to more than 2.5 times body weight.

During a 24-week study, not one of 59 participants who walked five days a week at speeds between 3 and 5 miles per hour sustained a walking-related injury that necessitated consulting with a physician. Carroll and his colleagues10 reported that 14% of the elderly sub- jects participating in a walking study suffered training- related orthopedic injuries, mostly to the lower leg and foot. The majority of injuries occurred in the group as- signed to "fast walking."

It is important to note that all forms of exercise have some degree of risk associated with the activity. Generally, the less mechanical stress on the muscu- loskeletal system, the less risk of becoming injured. Because of the low-impact nature of walking, the inci- dence of injury appears to be low when compared to other high-impact activities.

REFERENCES

1.Rippe, J., Ross, J., et. al. ÒCardiovascular effects of walking.Ó (Abstract), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Physical Activity, Aging and Sports, July, 1985, p. 47.

2.Pollock, M., Miller, H. Jr., et. al. ÒEffects of walking on body com- position and cardiovascular function of middle-aged men.Ó Journal of Applied Physiology, 1971, 30:126Ð130.

3.Duncan, J., Gordon, N., et. al. ÒWomen walking for health and fit- ness. How much is enough?Ó Journal of the American Medical Association, 1991, 266(23):3295Ð9.

4.Paffenbarger, R., Hyde, R., et.al. ÒPhysical activity, all-cause mortality and longevity of college alumni.Ó New England Journal of Medicine, 1986, 314:605Ð613.

5.ÒBetter walking workouts.Ó University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter, 1992, 8(12):4Ð5.

6.Fradin, K. Grimby, G., et. al. ÒWalking habits and health-related factors in a 70-year-old population,Ó Gerontology, 1991, 37(5):281Ð8.

7.Jones, P., Hardman, A., et. al. ÒInfluence of brisk walking on the broadband ultrasonic attenuation of the calcaneus in previously sedentary women aged 30Ð61 years.Ó Calcified Tissue International, 1991, 49(2):112Ð5.

8.Blair, S., Collingwood, T., et. al. ÒHealth Promotion for Educators: Impact on Health Behaviors, Satisfaction, and General Well- Being,Ó American Journal of Public Health, 1984, 74:147Ð49.

9.Cramer, S., Nieman D., et. al. ÒThe effects of moderate exercise training on psychological well-being and mood state in women.Ó Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1991, 35(4Ð5):437Ð49.

10.Carroll, J., Pollack, M., et. al. ÒIncidence of injury during moder- ate and high intensity walking in the elderly.Ó Journal of Gerontology, 1992, 47(3):M61Ð6.

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Contents Customer HOT Line Model No. RBTL11982 Serial NoTable of Contents Important Precautions There is one decal Left Side Before YOU BeginRight Side HOW to SET UP the Treadmill Treadmill Operation HOW to Plug in the Power CordPerformant Lubetm Walking Belt Features of the Console Diagram of the ConsoleRefer to the drawing at the top Diagram of the Console HOW to Turn on the PowerHOW to USE the Manual Mode Walking belt and remove the key HOW to USE the Speed Programs and the Incline ProgramsDISTANCE/LAPS displayÑThis display shows both the distance Time displayÑThis display shows the totalWhenkey. you are finished exercising, remove If you selected an incline programTo start the program Follow your progress with the LED displaysInformation Mode Optional Chest Pulse Sensor HOW to Fold the Treadmill for Storage HOW to Fold and Move the TreadmillHOW to Move the Treadmill HOW to Lower the Treadmill for USE Problem The power turns off during use TROUBLE-SHOOTINGProblem The walking belt is off-center Problem The walking belt slows when walked onProblem The walking belt slips when walked on Walking and Reduced Risk for CARDIOVAS- Cular Disease Walking and Weight ReductionReebok University Walking and Cardiorespiratory EnduranceWalking and Injuries Walking and Stress ReductionReferences Exercise Intensity Exercise GuidelinesWorkout Guidelines Suggested Stretches Qty Description Part List Ñmodel NO. RBTL11982HOW to Order Replacement Parts Exploded Drawingñmodel NO. RBTL11982 103 107 109 104 105 101 102 106 108 Limited Warranty