HP UX Developer Tools manual Examples

Page 99

NOTE

NOTE

Assembler Directives and Pseudo-Operations

.MACRO Directive

Although there is no upper limit on the number of parameters or arguments in a macro definition, no single macro parameter may exceed 200 characters.

Macro definitions may appear wherever and as often as necessary within source code. Macro definitions may occur inside or outside of spaces, subspaces, and procedures.

Because the Assembler always uses the most recently encountered definition, macros may be redefined as often as desired.

A macro cannot be defined within the body of another macro definition.

Although nested macro definitions are not allowed, nested macro calls are. A nested macro call occurs when one macro is invoked within the definition of another macro. A macro may not be invoked within its own definition. Macros can only be invoked after being defined.

Examples

The macro definition defines a simple counter or timer called DECR.

DECR

.MACRO

LAB,VAL

SETP

ADDIL

L'VAL-$global$,%dp

LAB

LDW

R'VAL-$global$(%r1),%r20

ADDIBF,=

-1,%r20,LAB

 

 

NOP

 

 

.ENDM

 

The following is an invocation of DECR:

DECR LOOP,COUNT

LOOP and COUNT are the actual parameters that are specific to this particular invocation of the macro DECR.

During macro expansion, textual substitution for positional parameters is performed in the body of the macro definition. Substitution is performed on strings of characters that are delimited by blanks, tabs, commas, or semicolons. If the string matches one of the formal parameters, it is replaced with the corresponding actual parameter.

When a macro definition contains a label, the expanded form of the macro adds a unique suffix to the label for each instance the macro is invoked. This unique suffix prevents duplicate symbols from occurring

Chapter 4

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Contents 92432-90012 June HP 9000 ComputersLegal Notices Restricted Rights LegendHanover Street Palo Alto, California Contents Assembler Directives and Pseudo-Operations Contents Contents Contents Contents Pseudo-Instruction Set Assembling Your Program Diagnostic Messages Programming ExamplesIndex Preface Printing HistoryEdition Date Software Version Related Documentation AudienceThis Manual Typographical ConventionsSummary of Technical Changes for HP-UX Assembler Features Assembly LanguageAssembler Features Chapter Summary of Changes for PA-RISCSummary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Summary of Changes for PA-RISCSummary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Program Structure Label Opcode Operands Comments Program StructureSymbols and Constants Symbols and ConstantsInteger Constants Signed Unsigned Registers and Register Mnemonics Registers and Register MnemonicsRegisters by using an L or R suffix General Registers Single-Precision Floating-Point Registers Double-Precision Floating-Point Registers Space RegistersControl Registers Synonyms Register Synonyms Description Register Procedure Calling ConventionsOperator Operation ExpressionsExpressions Standard Arithmetic OperatorsLegal Combinations For Relocatable Terms Operation Result Available Field Selectors Meaning Field Meaning Selector Multiple of 2048 allows a three-instruction sequence Parenthesized Subexpressions Operands and Completers Operands and CompletersAddi Macro Processing Defining New Instructions With MacrosMacro Processing Contains general register 19, or binary 10011. These Spaces HP-UX Architecture ConventionsSpaces Memory Layout on HP-UX Sr4 Sr5 Sr6 Subspaces AttributesSubspaces Directives Standard Subspaces and Sort KeysSpace Subspace Sort Key Use Sections in 64-bit Mode Sections in 64-bit Mode$INIT$ Location Counters Location CountersCompiler Conventions Compiler ConventionsCompiler Conventions Global Symbol Usage Mfctl Assembly Listing Shared LibrariesShared Libraries Assembly Listing Introduction Assembler DirectivesDirective Function Requests common storage for a specified number Bytes Pseudo-Operations Directive Function Reserves 16 bits a half word of storage Example Align DirectiveSyntax ParametersAllow Directive DiscussionAllow Directive To the .LEVEL specified for the file Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-Operations Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-OperationsSpace $TEXT$ Subspa $CODE$ Block Byte Pseudo-Operation Byte Pseudo-OperationByte initvalue , initvalue Call Directive Call DirectiveCall argumentdescription argumentdescription Second word in the argument list Form of argument-description is Arg=location Where arg canReturn value for a procedure first word in the argument listLIT Align Word Procend Export Callinfo Directive Callinfo DirectiveCallinfo parameter , parameter Register ENTRYSR= Unwound It restores the RP value when it encounters a .LEAVE Callinfo Directive Stack Frames Re-enter code subspace Label Labels the location of the reserved storage Comm DirectiveComm Directive Label .COMM numbytesCopyright Directive Copyright DirectiveCompany-name Proc Callinfo Enter Double Pseudo-Operation Integer .fraction E powerFraction E power Double Pseudo-OperationDword Pseudo-Operation Dword Pseudo-OperationDword initvalue , initvalue END Directive END DirectiveEndm Directive Endm DirectiveEnter and .LEAVE Pseudo-Operations Enter and .LEAVE Pseudo-OperationsSpace $TEXT$ Entry and .EXIT Directives Entry and .EXIT DirectivesValue Symbolicname .EQU valueEQU Directive EQU DirectiveExport Directive Export DirectiveArgument Export proc,ENTRY,ARGW0=GR Float Pseudo-Operation Float Pseudo-OperationHalf Pseudo-Operation Half Pseudo-OperationHalf initvalue , initvalue Import Directive Import DirectiveNOP END Labelid Names the label identifier Label DirectiveLabel Directive Label labelidLevel Directive Level DirectiveLevel Directive Listoff and .LISTON Directives Listoff and .LISTON DirectivesListon Code Space $TEXT$ SPNUM=0,SORT=0 Subspa $CODE$ Locct Directive Locct DirectiveMacro Directive Macro DirectiveLabel .MACRO formalparameter,formalparameter Examples 100 Origin Directive Origin DirectiveChapter 101 Proc and .PROCEND Directives Proc and .PROCEND Directives102 Chapter 103 Label User-defined register name REG DirectiveREG Directive Label .REG typedregisterShlibversion Directive Shlibversion DirectiveChapter 105 Space Directive Space Directive106 Chapter 107 Spnum Pseudo-Operation Spnum Pseudo-Operation108 String and .STRINGZ Pseudo-Operations String and .STRINGZ Pseudo-OperationsChapter 109 110 Chapter 111 Subspa DirectiveSubspa Directive Name An identifier that names the current subspace112 Chapter 113 Version Directive Version Directive114 Chapter 115 Word Pseudo-OperationWord Pseudo-Operation Word initvalue , initvaluePredefined Subspace Directives Directive Space Name Default ParametersProgramming Aids Programming AidsChapter 117 ShortdataProgramming Aids 118 119 Pseudo-Instruction Set120 Compare and Branch Conditions Comb and Comib Cond DescriptionChapter 121 122 Add and Branch Conditions Addb and Addib Description123 Invoking the Assembler124 Using the as CommandUsing the as Command Assemble code for the architecturefilename LevelChapter 125 126 WnumberTables, see HP-UX Linker and Libraries Online User GuideWa, ,as-argument as-argument Using the cc CommandUsing the cc Command Passing Arguments to the Assembler128 Cpp Preprocessor129 Programming ExamplesBinary Search for Highest Bit Position Binary Search for Highest Bit Position130 Chapter 131 Copying a String Copying a String132 Chapter 133 Dividing a Double-Word Dividend Dividing a Double-Word Dividend134 Chapter 135 Programming Examples136 Demonstrating the Procedure Calling ConventionDemonstrating the Procedure Calling Convention Program ListingChapter 137 Assembly Program Listing138 Output of the cc -S CommandAssembly Program Listing From the C Compiler Output of the cc -S CommandChapter 139 Output of the cc -S Command 140 141 142 Option operandChapter 143 144 ReserveWrong register type used Use a general registerChapter 145 Use a space register Use a control register146 Chapter 147 148 Chapter 149 150 Chapter 151 152 Used to invoke the assemblerChapter 153 Error Messages Error Messages154 Chapter 155 156 Chapter 157 158 1030 10271028 10291034 10311032 10331038 10351036 1037162 Chapter 163 1057 10541055 1056Chapter 165 166 Chapter 167 168 1082 Format keyword=value1080 1081170 Chapter 171 10881089 10901096 10911094 10951100 10971098 10991104 11011102 1103Chapter 175 1105Panic Messages Panic Messages176 2008 20052006 2007User Warning Messages User Warning Messages178 7006 70037004 7005180 Chapter 181 182 7201 Limit Error MessagesLimit Error Messages 7200184 72027203 7204Chapter 185 Diagnostic Messages186 Branching Error Messages Branching Error MessagesChapter 187 188 Chapter 189 190 Chapter 191 192 7835 78277828 7834194 78367837 ExprIndex 195 IndexNumerics 196Copyright Index 197HP C/HP-UX,49 198Mfctl Index 199Double 200See also memory Index 201202
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