HP UX Developer Tools manual Discussion

Page 113

Assembler Directives and Pseudo-Operations

.SUBSPA Directive

Discussion

The ﬁrst time the Assembler encounters a .SUBSPA directive with a new name, it uses that name to declare a new subspace. As this is the deﬁning occurrence of that subspace, optional keywords describe attributes of that subspace.

When the Assembler encounters additional .SUBSPA directives with that name, it continues that subspace. In this case, the .SUBSPA directive can only contain the subspace name; other keywords to describe the subspace are illegal.

Example

This example shows some of the standard “subspace” deﬁnitions in a typical assembly language program.

.SUBSPA $CODE$, QUAD=0,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=0x2c,SORT=24,CODE_ONLY

.SUBSPA $DATA$, QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=0x1f,SORT=16

.SUBSPA $TBSS$, QUAD=1,ALIGN=8,ACCESS=0x1f,ZERO, TSPECIFIC, SORT=40

Chapter 4

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Image 113

Contents 92432-90012 June HP 9000 ComputersHanover Street Palo Alto, California Legal NoticesRestricted Rights Legend Contents Assembler Directives and Pseudo-Operations Contents Contents Contents Contents Pseudo-Instruction Set Assembling Your Program Index Diagnostic MessagesProgramming Examples Edition Date Software Version PrefacePrinting History Related Documentation AudienceThis Manual Typographical ConventionsSummary of Technical Changes for HP-UX Assembler Features Assembly LanguageAssembler Features Summary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Summary of Changes for PA-RISCSummary of Changes for PA-RISC ChapterSummary of Changes for PA-RISC 2.0W Wide Mode, 64-bit Program Structure Label Opcode Operands Comments Program StructureSymbols and Constants Symbols and ConstantsInteger Constants Signed Unsigned Registers and Register Mnemonics Registers and Register MnemonicsRegisters by using an L or R sufﬁx General Registers Single-Precision Floating-Point Registers Control Registers Synonyms Double-Precision Floating-Point RegistersSpace Registers Register Synonyms Description Register Procedure Calling ConventionsExpressions ExpressionsStandard Arithmetic Operators Operator OperationLegal Combinations For Relocatable Terms Operation Result Available Field Selectors Meaning Field Meaning Selector Multiple of 2048 allows a three-instruction sequence Parenthesized Subexpressions Operands and Completers Operands and CompletersAddi Macro Processing Macro ProcessingDeﬁning New Instructions With Macros Contains general register 19, or binary 10011. These Spaces HP-UX Architecture ConventionsSpaces Memory Layout on HP-UX Sr4 Sr5 Sr6 Subspaces SubspacesAttributes Space Subspace Sort Key Use DirectivesStandard Subspaces and Sort Keys Sections in 64-bit Mode Sections in 64-bit Mode$INIT$ Location Counters Location CountersCompiler Conventions Compiler ConventionsCompiler Conventions Global Symbol Usage Mfctl Shared Libraries Assembly ListingShared Libraries Assembly Listing Directive Function IntroductionAssembler Directives Requests common storage for a speciﬁed number Bytes Pseudo-Operations Directive Function Reserves 16 bits a half word of storage Syntax Align DirectiveParameters ExampleAllow Directive Allow DirectiveDiscussion To the .LEVEL speciﬁed for the ﬁle Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-Operations Block and .BLOCKZ Pseudo-OperationsSpace $TEXT$ Subspa $CODE$ Block Byte initvalue , initvalue Byte Pseudo-OperationByte Pseudo-Operation Call argumentdescription argumentdescription Call DirectiveCall Directive Return value for a procedure Form of argument-description is Arg=location Where arg canﬁrst word in the argument list Second word in the argument listLIT Align Word Procend Export Callinfo parameter , parameter Callinfo DirectiveCallinfo Directive Register ENTRYSR= Unwound It restores the RP value when it encounters a .LEAVE Callinfo Directive Stack Frames Re-enter code subspace Comm Directive Comm DirectiveLabel .COMM numbytes Label Labels the location of the reserved storageCompany-name Copyright DirectiveCopyright Directive Proc Callinfo Enter Fraction E power Integer .fraction E powerDouble Pseudo-Operation Double Pseudo-OperationDword initvalue , initvalue Dword Pseudo-OperationDword Pseudo-Operation END Directive END DirectiveEndm Directive Endm DirectiveEnter and .LEAVE Pseudo-Operations Enter and .LEAVE Pseudo-OperationsSpace $TEXT$ Entry and .EXIT Directives Entry and .EXIT DirectivesEQU Directive Symbolicname .EQU valueEQU Directive ValueExport Directive Export DirectiveArgument Export proc,ENTRY,ARGW0=GR Float Pseudo-Operation Float Pseudo-OperationHalf initvalue , initvalue Half Pseudo-OperationHalf Pseudo-Operation Import Directive Import DirectiveNOP END Label Directive Label DirectiveLabel labelid Labelid Names the label identiﬁerLevel Directive Level DirectiveLevel Directive Listoff and .LISTON Directives Listoff and .LISTON DirectivesListon Code Space $TEXT$ SPNUM=0,SORT=0 Subspa $CODE$ Locct Directive Locct DirectiveLabel .MACRO formalparameter,formalparameter Macro DirectiveMacro Directive Examples 100 Chapter 101 Origin DirectiveOrigin Directive 102 Proc and .PROCEND DirectivesProc and .PROCEND Directives Chapter 103 REG Directive REG DirectiveLabel .REG typedregister Label User-deﬁned register nameChapter 105 Shlibversion DirectiveShlibversion Directive 106 Space DirectiveSpace Directive Chapter 107 108 Spnum Pseudo-OperationSpnum Pseudo-Operation Chapter 109 String and .STRINGZ Pseudo-OperationsString and .STRINGZ Pseudo-Operations 110 Subspa Directive Subspa DirectiveName An identiﬁer that names the current subspace Chapter 111112 Chapter 113 114 Version DirectiveVersion Directive Word Pseudo-Operation Word Pseudo-OperationWord initvalue , initvalue Chapter 115Programming Aids Directive Space Name Default ParametersProgramming Aids Predeﬁned Subspace DirectivesChapter 117 ShortdataProgramming Aids 118 119 Pseudo-Instruction Set120 Chapter 121 Compare and Branch Conditions Comb and ComibCond Description 122 Add and Branch Conditions Addb and Addib Description123 Invoking the AssemblerUsing the as Command Using the as CommandAssemble code for the architecture 124Chapter 125 ﬁlenameLevel Tables, see HP-UX Linker and Libraries WnumberOnline User Guide 126Using the cc Command Using the cc CommandPassing Arguments to the Assembler Wa, ,as-argument as-argument128 Cpp Preprocessor129 Programming Examples130 Binary Search for Highest Bit PositionBinary Search for Highest Bit Position Chapter 131 132 Copying a StringCopying a String Chapter 133 134 Dividing a Double-Word DividendDividing a Double-Word Dividend Chapter 135 Programming ExamplesDemonstrating the Procedure Calling Convention Demonstrating the Procedure Calling ConventionProgram Listing 136Chapter 137 Assembly Program ListingAssembly Program Listing From the C Compiler Output of the cc -S CommandOutput of the cc -S Command 138Chapter 139 Output of the cc -S Command 140 141 142 Option operandChapter 143 144 ReserveChapter 145 Wrong register type usedUse a general register 146 Use a space registerUse a control register Chapter 147 148 Chapter 149 150 Chapter 151 152 Used to invoke the assemblerChapter 153 154 Error MessagesError Messages Chapter 155 156 Chapter 157 158 1028 10271029 10301032 10311033 10341036 10351037 1038162 Chapter 163 1055 10541056 1057Chapter 165 166 Chapter 167 168 1080 Format keyword=value1081 1082170 1089 10881090 Chapter 1711094 10911095 10961098 10971099 11001102 11011103 1104Chapter 175 1105176 Panic MessagesPanic Messages 2006 20052007 2008178 User Warning MessagesUser Warning Messages 7004 70037005 7006180 Chapter 181 182 Limit Error Messages Limit Error Messages7200 72017203 72027204 184Chapter 185 Diagnostic Messages186 Chapter 187 Branching Error MessagesBranching Error Messages 188 Chapter 189 190 Chapter 191 192 7828 78277834 78357837 7836Expr 194Index 195 IndexNumerics 196Copyright Index 197HP C/HP-UX,49 198Mfctl Index 199Double 200See also memory Index 201202

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