appliances in the enclosure, freely communicating with inte- rior areas that have in turn adequate infiltration from the out- side. It shall also have a combustion air supply opening so that the total air received through the opening will be at least as much as would be admitted by openings having a total free area of 4.5 cm2/kWh (1 in2/5000 Btu/h) of the total input rating of all oil-fired appliances in the enclosure.
Indoor Combustion & Ventilation Air (Confined space)
A heater installed in a confined space and that obtains all of its air for combustion and ventilation from within the condi- tioned space of the building shall be provided with two per- manent openings, one near the top of the enclosure and another near the bottom. Each opening shall have a free area of not less than 19.5 cm2/kWh (1 in2/1000 Btu/h) of the total input rating of all appliances in the enclosure, freely communicating with interior areas that have in turn ade- quate infiltration from the outside.
Air Duct Sizing
The air duct requirements shall be met by one of the follow- ing methods:
1.vertical duct(s) with a free area of not less than 5.5 cm2/kWh (1 in2/4000 Btu/h) of the total input rating of all appliances in the enclosure;
2.horizontal duct(s), with an equivalent length of less than 15 m (50 ft), having a free area of not less than 11 cm2/kWh (1 in2/2000 Btu/h) of the total input of all appli- ances in the enclosure; and
3.air openings that communicate directly with the out- doors, having a free area of not less than 5.5 cm2/kWh
(1 in2/4000 Btu/h) of the total input rating of all appli- ances in the enclosure.
NOTE: Duct runs that are primarily horizontal and that have an equivalent length greater than 15 m (50 ft) should be sized accordingly larger to provide the same air flow as would be provided by the requirements of method (3) above.
In U.S.A.:
Refer to “Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning
Equipment (NFPA 31)”
Vent and Exhaust Connections
General chimney requirements
For a burner designed for natural draft connect the vent to a vertical chimney. Insufficient draft can cause flue gas leak- age and carbon monoxide emissions, which can lead to severe bodily injury or death. Use vent material approved by local codes for oil-fired burners. In the absence of such codes, refer to:
•“Installation Code for Oil-Burning Equipment (CSA B139-04)” (Canadian installations).
•“Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment (NFPA 31)” (USA).
•“Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid
Fuel-Burning Appliances (NFPA 211)” (USA).
NFPA 211 requires the chimney to be lined before connect-
ing the oil-fired water heater. Inspect existing chimney before installing the water heater. Failure to do any of the following can result in serious property damage, severe bodily injury or death:
•Clean the chimney, including removal of blockage.
•Repair or replace damaged pipe or liner.
•Repair mortar and joints.
To prevent downdrafts, extend the chimney at least 1m (3 ft.) above the highest point where it passes through the roof and 600mm (24 in.) higher than any portion of the building within 3m (10 ft.). Increase chimney cross-sectional area and height at least 4% per 305m (1,000 ft.) above sea level.
Flue Pipe
NOTE: Type “L” vent material is generally considered to be not suitable for this application. Flue temperatures may exceed 300°C (572°F). Use flue piping approved for this installation.
Long horizontal flue pipes, excessive number of tees and elbows or other obstructions restrict flue gas flow, and can result in the possibility of condensation, flue gas leakage and carbon monoxide emissions. These conditions can lead to serious property damage, severe bodily injury or death. The flue pipe should be the same size as the breech con- nection on the appliance. The sizes generally are 150mm (6 in.) for burners rated less than 1.00 GPH and 178mm (7 in.) for burners rated 1.00 to 1.50 GPH. The flue pipe should be as short as possible and installed so that it has a continuous rise of 20mm/m (1/4 in./ft.) of horizontal length from the breech connection on the appliance to the chimney. Elbows should be minimized and the sections of pipe and fittings should be joined with sheet metal screws and straps. Routing should be made in such a way as to avoid sharp turns or unduly long runs. It is recommended that the heater be piped to its own individual flue. Where there is only one flue for both furnace and water heater, various methods are practiced in which the water heater flue enters the chimney above the main smoke pipe. Also, a “Y” fitting is frequently used to combine the heater and furnace flues, prior to enter- ing the chimney connection (see Figure 4, check with local authorities having jurisdiction). Obtain a gas-tight seal to prevent possible flue gas leakage and carbon monoxide emissions, which can lead to severe bodily injury or death.
Draft Regulator
This device is used on conventional chimney venting only. It automatically maintains a constant negative pressure in the chimney to obtain maximum efficiency. If the chimney does not develop sufficient draft, the draft control cannot function properly. The heater must be equipped with an approved draft regulator of adequate size. Ensure the draft regulator diameter is at least as large as the flue pipe diameter. Follow manufacturers recommended instructions for installation. It must be installed in the flue pipe before it enters the chim- ney and after the Blocked Vent Safety Switch, if one is used. Set the draft regulator at -0.03 in. w.c. (-0.0075kPa), as measured in the flue (between the heater and the draft reg- ulator). Recommended over-fire draft is -0.02 in. w.c. (- 0.005kPa).