the quantizer generates a continuous "bit stream" which repre- sents the quantized signal. The continuous stream of digital audio information is converted into a digitally modulated signal using a technique known as linear pulse code modulation.

Digital-to-analog conversion (used in playback) is the exact oppo- site of the analog-to digital conversion process and is illustrated in Figure 2.

In digital-to-analog conversion, the PCM bitstream is converted at the sampling frequency to a continuously changing series of quantization levels which are individual "steps" of discrete voltage equal to the quantization levels in the analog-to-digital process. The shape of this continuously changing stream of quantization levels approximates the shape of the original wave. This is shown in the top half of Figure 2. This signal is then passed through a low-pass filter, which removes the digital "switching noise." The end result, shown in the bottom half of Figure 2 is an analog out- put signal whose waveshape is a very close approximation of the original analog input signal.

The foregoing is a very brief and, of necessity, oversimplified ex- planation of how digital audio works. For the interested reader, the book Principles of Digital Audio by Ken C. Pohlmann, copy- right 1985 by Howard W. Sams, is highly recommended.

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Antex electronic SX-33B, SX-33E user manual
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SX-33B, SX-3, SX-33, SX-33E specifications

Antex Electronics, a well-known name in the arena of soldering and desoldering tools, has made remarkable contributions to the field with its SX series of soldering irons. The SX-33, SX-33E, SX-33B, and SX-3 models cater to a diverse spectrum of soldering needs, making them ideal for both professionals and hobbyists.

The SX-33 model stands out due to its impressive combination of performance and affordability. It features a lightweight design that enhances maneuverability, allowing for precision soldering in tight spaces. The SX-33 boasts a powerful heating element that heats up rapidly, ensuring minimal downtime during projects. This model is equipped with a robust temperature control system, enabling users to adjust the heat settings based on their specific requirements.

Building on this foundation, the SX-33E offers advanced features such as an ergonomic grip designed for prolonged use without discomfort. This model integrates a reliable tip system, allowing for easy replacement and ensuring consistent performance. Its lightweight construction and thoughtful design make it suitable for both intricate electronic work and larger soldering tasks.

The SX-33B introduces additional technology with its digital temperature display, providing accurate and easy-to-read temperature settings. This ensures users can maintain the desired heat level consistently, crucial for successful solder joints. The SX-33B also features a more durable, thermal-resistant cord that minimizes wear and tear, enhancing the tool’s longevity.

Lastly, the SX-3 is designed for high-performance soldering, focusing on high wattage and rapid heat recovery. This model is favored in industrial applications where quick soldering is a necessity. The SX-3 incorporates a heavy-duty construction, making it resilient under continuous use and harsh conditions. Its standout feature is its compatibility with various soldering tips, making it versatile for different types of projects.

In summary, the Antex SX series, encompassing the SX-33, SX-33E, SX-33B, and SX-3, provides users with a range of soldering solutions tailored to meet varying demands. From the basic functionality of the SX-33 to the advanced capabilities of the SX-3, Antex Electronics continues to set the standard for reliability and efficiency in soldering technology. Each model is thoughtfully engineered to deliver consistency, precision, and ease of use, ensuring that professionals and hobbyists alike can achieve optimal results in their soldering endeavors.
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