Chapter 10: Security Configuration Guide

ahead of rules that are less specific. For example, the following ACL permits all TCP traffic except those from subnet 10.2.0.0/16:

acl 101 deny tcp 10.2.0.0/16 any any any acl 101 permit tcp any any any any

When a TCP packet comes from subnet 10.2.0.0/16, it finds a match with the first rule. This causes the packet to be dropped. A TCP packet coming from other subnets will not match the first rule. Instead, it matches the second rule which allows the packet to go through.

If you were to reverse the order of the two rules:

acl 101 permit tcp any any any any

acl 101 deny tcp 10.2.0.0/16 any any any

then all TCP packets will be allowed to go through, including traffic from subnet 10.2.0.0/16. This is because TCP traffic coming from 10.2.0.0/16 will match the first rule and be allowed to go. The second rule will not looked at since the first match determines the action on the packet.

Implicit Deny Rule

At the end of each ACL, the system automatically appends an implicit deny rule. This implicit deny rule denies all traffic. For a packet that doesn't match any of the user specified rules, the implicit deny rule acts as a catch all rule. All packets match correctly with this rule. The default behavior for a packet that doesn't match any rules in an ACL can be either to permit or to deny. The SSR chooses to deny a packet as the default behavior. This is done for security reasons. If an ACL is misconfigured and a packet that should be allowed to go through is now blocked because of the implicit deny rule, the worse that could happen is inconvenience. On the other hand, if a packet that should not be allowed to go through is instead sent through, there is now a security breach. Basically, the implicit deny rule is the last line of defense against accidental mis-configuration of ACLs that could result in a security breach.

To describe how the implicit deny rule is used, considering the following example. Suppose someone created the following ACL:

acl 101 permit ip 1.2.3.4/24

acl 101 permit ip 4.3.2.1/24 any nntp

With the implicit deny rule, this ACL actually has three rules:

acl 101 permit ip 1.2.3.4/24 any any any acl 101 permit ip 4.3.2.1/24 any nntp any acl 101 deny any any any any any

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9032578-02 specifications

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