Recovery and Restart Guide
CICS Transaction Server for z/OS
Version 4 Release
SC34-7012-01
Page
Recovery and Restart Guide
CICS Transaction Server for z/OS
Version 4 Release
SC34-7012-01
Copyright IBM Corporation 1982
Contents
Part 1. CICS recovery and restart concepts
Part 2. Recovery and restart processes
Chapter 2. Resource recovery in CICS
Part 3. Implementing recovery and
Chapter 9. Communication error
recovery
Chapter 8. Unit of work recovery and
Chapter 13. Programming for recovery
Chapter 16. Moving recoverable data
Chapter 17. Forward recovery
Chapter 18. Backup-while-open BWO
Chapter 19. Disaster recovery
Accessibility
Part 4. Appendixes
Notices
How to use this book
Preface
What this book is about
Who should read this book
viii CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Changes in CICS Transaction Server for z/OS, Version 4 Release
x CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Part 1. CICS recovery and restart concepts
2 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 1. Recovery and restart facilities
Maintaining the integrity of data
Logging changes
Minimizing the effect of failures
The role of CICS
4 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Recoverable resources
CICS backward recovery backout
Dynamic transaction backout
Emergency restart backout
CICS forward recovery
Forward recovery of CICS data sets
Failures that require CICS recovery processing
CICS recovery processing following a communication failure
Forward recovery for non-VSAM resources
XCF/MRO partner failures
CICS recovery processing following a transaction failure
CICS recovery processing following a system failure
10 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
v Back out recoverable resources
12 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 2. Resource recovery in CICS
Units of work
Shunted units of work
Locks
Active and retained states for locks
Synchronization points
EXEC CICS CREATE TERMINAL EXEC CICS CREATE CONNECTION COMPLETE
EXEC CICS DISCARD CONNECTION EXEC CICS DISCARD TERMINAL
EXEC CICS CREATE TERMINAL
Examples of synchronization points
EXEC CICS CREATE CONNECTION COMPLETE EXEC CICS DISCARD CONNECTION
EXEC CICS DISCARD TERMINAL
CICS recovery manager
FC/RLS
Recovery
v Coordinating recoverable conversations to remote nodes
Figure 3. CICS recovery manager and resources it works with
Coordinating updates to local resources
Coordinating updates in distributed units of work
Managing indoubt units of work
Resynchronization after system or connection failure
CICS system log
Information recorded on the system log
Forward recovery logs
System activity keypoints
User journals and automatic journaling
Input or output messages from terminals accessed through VTAM
24 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 3. Shutdown and restart recovery
Normal shutdown processing
First quiesce stage
Second quiesce stage
Third quiesce stage
Warm keypoints
Shunted units of work at shutdown
Flushing journal buffers
Immediate shutdown processing PERFORM SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
PERFORM IMMEDIATE not recommended
Shutdown requested by the operating system
Uncontrolled termination
The shutdown assist transaction
30 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Cataloging CICS resources
Global catalog
Local catalog
Effect of problems with the system log
Shutdown initiated by CICS log manager
How the state of the CICS region is reconstructed
DFHRM0402
DFHRM0403 and DFHRM0404
DFHRM0405
Overriding the type of start indicator
Warm restart
Emergency restart
About this task
Recovery of data during an emergency restart
Cold start
An initial start of CICS
Dynamic RLS restart
Recovery with VTAM persistent sessions
Running with persistent sessions support
SNPS, single-node persistent sessions
MNPS, multinode persistent sessions
Situations in which sessions are not reestablished
Running without persistent sessions support
Situations in which VTAM does not retain sessions
SET VTAM FORCECLOSE SET VTAM IMMCLOSE SET VTAM CLOSED
regions that do have persistent sessions support
42 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Part 2. Recovery and restart processes
44 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 4. CICS cold start
Starting CICS with the START=COLD parameter
About this task
Files
VSAM
Temporary storage
Transient data
Temporary storage data sharing server
Data tables
Resource definitions dynamically installed
Transactions
Journal names and journal models
LIBRARY resources
Committing and cataloging resources installed from the CSD
Single resource install
Monitoring and statistics
Terminal control resources
Installable set install
Distributed transaction resources
Dump table
Starting CICS with the START=INITIAL parameter
information saved in the system log from a previous run. The primary and secondary system log streams are purged and CICS begins writing a new system log
52 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 5. CICS warm restart
Rebuilding the CICS state after a normal shutdown
Reconnecting to SMSVSAM for RLS access
Data set name blocks
Recreating non-RLS retained locks
Files
TDINTRA=NOEMPTY the default
TDINTRA=EMPTY
Trigger levels for TERMINAL and SYSTEM only
Temporary storage
No autoinstall for programs
Transactions
LIBRARY resources
Programs
Autoinstall for programs
Start requests
Monitoring and statistics
CSD-defined resource definitions
TCAM and sequential BSAM devices
Journal names and journal models
Terminal control resources
URIMAP definitions and virtual hosts
v Different TCT from last run. CICS installs the TCT only, and does not apply the warm keypoint information, effectively making this a cold start for these devices
Distributed transaction resources
60 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Recovering after a CICS failure
Recovering information from the system log
Chapter 6. CICS emergency restart
Driving backout processing for in-flight units of work
Effect of delayed recovery on PLTPI processing
Other backout processing
Rebuilding the CICS state after an abnormal termination
62 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Reconnecting to SMSVSAM for RLS access
RLS restart processing and orphan locks
Recreating non-RLS retained locks
Temporary storage
64 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Start requests
Terminal control resources
CSD-defined resource definitions
is successful, but CICS abnormally terminates before the catalog can be updated, CICS recovers the information from the forward recovery records on the system log
Distributed transaction resources
TCAM and sequential BSAM devices
66 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 7. Automatic restart management
CICS ARM processing
Restrictions
Registering with ARM
Waiting for predecessor subsystems
De-registering from ARM
Before you begin
Failing to register
ARM couple data sets
CICS restart JCL and parameters
Chapter 7. Automatic restart management
Connecting to VTAM
Workload policies
CICS START options
The COVR transaction
Messages associated with automatic restart
Automatic restart of CICS data-sharing servers
Server ARM processing
Server commands for ARM support
CANCEL RESTART=NOYES
Waiting on events during initialization
Server initialization parameters for ARM support
Chapter 8. Unit of work recovery and abend processing
Unit of work recovery
In-flight-failed
Commit-failed
Transaction backout
Backout-failed
Indoubt-failed
Files
BDAM files and VSAM ESDS files
CICS data tables
START with recoverable data no PROTECT
Intrapartition transient data
Auxiliary temporary storage
START requests
START with recoverable data PROTECT
START with nonrecoverable data no PROTECT
START with nonrecoverable data PROTECT
Restart of started transactions
Basic mapping support BMS messages
EXEC CICS CANCEL requests
Backout-failed recovery
Auxiliary temporary storage
I/O error
Transient data
Retrying backout-failed units of work
Disposition of data sets after backout failures
Open error
Logical delete not performed
SMSVSAM server failure
DFSMSdss non-BWO backup in progress
Duplicate key error
SMSVSAM server recycle during backout
Coupling facility cache structure failure
Commit-failed recovery
Lock structure full error
None of the above
Indoubt failure recovery
Files
Investigating an indoubt failure
Intrapartition transient data
Auxiliary temporary storage
The WAITSTATE of Shunted shows that this UOW has been suspended
We can now see that
Recovery from failures associated with the coupling facility
Cache failure support
Lost locks recovery
Rebuilding the lock structure
Notifying CICS of SMSVSAM restart
About this task
Performing lost locks recovery for failed units of work
90 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
MVS system recovery and sysplex recovery
Connection failure to a coupling facility cache structure
Connection failure to a coupling facility lock structure
Transaction abend processing
Exit code
Abnormal termination of a task
Transaction restart
Actions taken at transaction failure
Processing operating system abends and program checks
v If a match is not found, CICS is terminated
96 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 9. Communication error processing
Terminal error processing
Node error program DFHZNEP
Terminal error program DFHTEP
Intersystem communication failures
Part 3. Implementing recovery and restart
100 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 10. Planning aspects of recovery
Questions relating to recovery requirements
Application design considerations
Validate the recovery requirements statement
Designing the end user’s restart procedure
End user’s standby procedures
Communications between application and user
About this task
System definitions for recovery-related functions
System recovery table SRT
Resource definitions for recovery
Security
Documentation and test plans
Transient data queues
Temporary storage table
Program list table PLT
v Forecast the exceptional conditions that can be expected
recovery purposes only
Forward recovery logging
Chapter 11. Defining system and general log streams
System logging
Defining log streams to MVS
Defining system log streams
System log streams
General log streams
Specifying a JOURNALMODEL resource definition
Without a JOURNALMODEL definition
With a JOURNALMODEL definition
Recovery considerations
Model log streams for CICS system logs
2-Way Sysplex
Activity keypointing
Varying the model log stream name
About this task
Keeping system log data to a minimum
About this task
Log-tail deletion
Moving units of work to the secondary log
About this task
Writing user-recovery data
Avoiding retention periods on the system log
Retrieving user records from the system log
About this task
Defining forward recovery log streams
About this task Procedure
Long-running transactions
About this task
Model log streams for CICS general logs
What to do next
Merging data on shared general log streams
Defining the log of logs
About this task
Log of logs failure
Reading log streams offline
About this task
About this task
Adjusting local time
Effect of daylight saving time changes
Time stamping log and journal records
About this task
Offline utility program, DFHJUP
122 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 12. Defining recoverability for CICS-managed resources
Recovery for transactions
Defining transaction recovery attributes
RESTARTNOYES
Indoubt options for distributed transactions
SPURGENOYES
TPURGENOYES
ACTIONBACKOUTCOMMIT
Recovery for files
File-owning regions and RLS access
VSAM files
Sharing data sets with batch jobs
Basic direct access method BDAM
Defining files as recoverable resources
Forward recovery
Backward recovery
VSAM files accessed in non-RLS mode
RECOVERYALL
RECOVERYBACKOUTONLY
BACKUPTYPEDYNAMIC
VSAM files accessed in RLS mode
Inquiring on recovery attributes
LOGNONEUNDOALL
NONE
File recovery attribute consistency checking non-RLS
BDAM files
The CSD data set
Overriding open failures at the XFCNREC global user exit
CICS responses to file open requests
About this task
Implementing forward recovery with user-written utilities
Implementing forward recovery with CICS VSAM Recovery MVS/ESA
Recovery for intrapartition transient data
Backward recovery
Logical recovery
Physical recovery
Forward recovery
No recovery
Recovery for extrapartition transient data
Input extrapartition data sets
Using post-initialization PLTPI programs
Recovery for temporary storage
Output extrapartition data sets
Backward recovery
Recovery for Web services
Configuring CICS to support persistent messages
Forward recovery
GROUPTSRECOV PREFIXDF LOCATIONAUXILIARY RECOVERYYES
Defining local queues in a service provider
Procedure
Results What to do next
Procedure
Error processing
Persistent message processing
For example, your recovery transaction could
140 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 13. Programming for recovery
Designing applications for recovery
Splitting the application into transactions
About this task Procedure
Example What to do next Relationships between processing units
142 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
SAA-compatible applications
Program design
Dividing transactions into units of work
Procedure
Processing dialogs with users
Conversational processing
Pseudoconversational processing
CICS recoverable resources
Mechanisms for passing data between transactions
Main storage areas
Designing to avoid transaction deadlocks
Temporary storage auxiliary
Transient data queues
User files and DL/I and DB2 databases
Implications of interval control START requests
Procedure
Using transient data queues
Implications of automatic task initiation TD trigger level
Implications of presenting large amounts of data to the user
Terminal paging through BMS
Managing transaction and system failures
Transaction failures
About this task
About this task
HANDLE ABEND commands
EXEC CICS SYNCPOINT ROLLBACK command
Dynamic transaction backout
Use of the program error program DFHPEP
System failures
Handling abends and program level abend exits
Transaction restart after DTB
Processing the IOERR condition
Command
Information provided
START TRANSID commands
PL/I programs and error handling
Locking enqueuing on resources in application programs
Nonrecoverable files
Implicit locking for files
About this task
Recoverable files
v READ for UPDATE v WRITE v DELETE
Implicit enqueuing on logically recoverable TD destinations
Implicit enqueuing on recoverable temporary storage queues
v WRITEQ TD v READQ TD v DELETEQ TD
Implicit enqueuing on DL/I databases with DBCTL
Explicit enqueuing by the application programmer
Direct methods HDAM, HIDAM
Sequential methods HSAM, HISAM, SHISAM
Possibility of transaction deadlock
deadlock
Where you can add your own code
User exits for transaction backout
About this task
XRCINIT exit
XRCINPT exit
XFCBFAIL global user exit
Procedure
XFCLDEL global user exit
XFCBOVER global user exit
XFCBOUT global user exit
Coding transaction backout exits
Chapter 14. Using a program error program PEP
The CICS-supplied PEP
Procedure
About this task
Your own PEP
Omitting the PEP
Chapter 14. Using a program error program PEP
About this task
166 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 15. Resolving retained locks on recoverable resources
Quiescing RLS data sets
About this task
About this task
The RLS quiesce and unquiesce functions
Illustration of the quiesce flow across two CICS regions
Chapter 15. Resolving retained locks on recoverable resources
Non-BWO data set backup start
Other quiesce interface functions
Non-BWO data set backup end
BWO backup start
BWO backup end
Forward recovery complete
Switching from RLS to non-RLS access mode
Lost locks recovery complete
Exception for read-only operations
Quiesce coupling facility cache available
What can prevent a switch to non-RLS access mode?
Resolving retained locks before opening data sets in non-RLS mode
Investigating which retained locks are held and why
Procedure
About this task
INQUIRE DSNAME
INQUIRE UOWDSNFAIL
About this task
SHCDS LIST subcommands
Resolving retained locks and preserving data integrity
About this task Procedure
176 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Choosing data availability over data integrity
About this task
CEMT command examples
The batch-enabling sample programs
DFH0BAT1
DFH0BAT2
SET DSNAME’RLS.ACCOUNTS.ESDS.DBASE1’ RETRY
STATUS RESULTS - OVERTYPE TO MODIFY
DsnRLS.ACCOUNTS.ESDS.DBASE1
NORMAL
The PERMITNONRLSUPDATE subcommand
The DENYNONRLSUPDATE subcommand
A special case lost locks
Overriding retained locks
Post-batch processing
Coupling facility data table retained locks
Chapter 16. Moving recoverable data sets that have retained locks
Procedure for moving a data set with retained locks
Using the REPRO method
About this task
SHCDS FRRESETRR
SHCDS FRSETRR
SHCDS FRUNBIND
SHCDS FRBIND
Using the EXPORT and IMPORT functions
Chapter 16. Moving recoverable data sets that have retained locks
About this task
Rebuilding alternate indexes
About this task
Chapter 17. Forward recovery procedures
Forward recovery of data sets accessed in RLS mode
About this task
Recovery of data set with volume still available
3. Issue FRSETRR
4. Issue FRUNBIND
5. Restore the backup
Recovery of data set with loss of volume
10. Issue the FRBIND subcommand
11. Issue the FRRESETRR subcommand
9. Alter the new data set name
Volume recovery procedure using CFVOL QUIESCE
1. VARY SMS,CFVOLvolser,QUIESCE
Example of recovery using data set backup
5. We terminated the SMSVSAM servers using the MVS command
194 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
INQUIRE UOWDSNFAIL DSNRLSADSW.VF01D.BANKACCT
These commands are issued to each CICS AOR that requires access
Example of recovery using volume backup
196 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Catalog recovery
Forward recovery of data sets accessed in non-RLS mode
Procedure for failed RLS mode forward recovery operation
3. Restore the backup
4. Run the forward recovery utility
1. Tidy up any outstanding CICS recovery work, as follows
1 Force shunted indoubt units of work using SET DSNAME
Procedure for failed non-RLS mode forward recovery operation
202 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 18. Backup-while-open BWO
BWO and backups
BWO and concurrent copy
BWO requirements
Component name
Full DFSMS/MVS name
Previous product
Hardware requirements
Which data sets are eligible for BWO
VSAM control interval or control area split
Specifying BWO using access method services
How you request BWO
Results
TYPECICS
Specifying BWO on CICS file resource definitions
About this task
Systems administration
Removing BWO attributes
Batch jobs
Procedure
BWO processing
First file opened in non-RLS mode against a cluster
File opening
Back-level data sets
Subsequent files opened when use count is not zero
Subsequent files opened when use count is zero
File closing non-RLS mode
Restriction for VSAM upgrade set
Data set backup and restore
Shutdown and restart
Controlled shutdown
Immediate or uncontrolled shutdown
VSAM access method services
Invalid state changes for BWO attributes
Forward recovery logging
Data set restore
Data sets
Non-SMS managed storage
Recovery point non-RLS mode
Forward recovery
Recovering VSAM spheres with AIXs
About this task
An assembler program that calls DFSMS callable services
DATETIME
DTTENTHS
RECOVPTP
DATEPACK
220 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
PRGCONT
BWOFLAGS12,ZEROES
LOAD
END PROG
222 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Chapter 19. Disaster recovery
Why have a disaster recovery plan?
Disaster recovery testing
Six tiers of solutions for off-site recovery
Tier 0 no off-site data
Tier 1 - physical removal
The drawbacks are
Tier 2 - physical removal with hot site
Tier 3 - electronic vaulting
Tier
Tier 0-3 solutions
Tier 4 - active secondary site
Tier 0
Figure 22. Disaster recovery tier 4 active secondary site
230 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Tier 5 - two-site, two-phase commit
Tier 6 - minimal to zero data loss
Figure 24 summarizes the tier 6 solution
Tier 4-6 solutions
Tier 4
Disaster recovery and high availability
Peer-to-peer remote copy PPRC and extended remote copy XRC
Use XRC for high volume transactions
PPRC or XRC?
Use PPRC for high value transactions
Remote Recovery Data Facility
Other benefits of PPRC and XRC
Forward recovery
236 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Choosing between RRDF and 3990-6 solutions
Disaster recovery personnel considerations
About this task
RRDF
Disaster recovery facilities
MVS system logger recovery support
Returning to your primary site
238 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
CICS VSAM Recovery QSAM copy
Remote Recovery Data Facility support
Remote site recovery for RLS-mode data sets
CICS VR shadowing
Final summary
Part 4. Appendixes
Copyright IBM Corp. 1982
242 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Notices
Trademarks
244 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Access to CICS
Administration
Bibliography
CICS books for CICS Transaction Server for z/OS
Administration and Management
CICSPlex SM books for CICS Transaction Server for z/OS
Other CICS publications
General
Accessibility
248 CICS TS for z/OS 4.1 Recovery and Restart Guide
Index A
DL/I continued
files continued
locking continued
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