Bank MSB 127
Bank LSB 1
Bank LSB 2
Bank LSB 127
Bank MSB 2
Bank LSB 1
Bank LSB 2
Bank LSB 127
Bank LSB 0
Bank MSB 1
Bank LSB 1
Bank LSB 2
Bank LSB 127
Bank LSB 0
Bank MSB 0
Bank LSB 0

ProKeys Sono 88 User Guide

39

MIDI Messages In-Depth

Program & Bank Changes

When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change messages (0-127).. As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed..

The language MIDI uses to communicate between musical instruments only allows for program change commands 0-127, for a total of 128 possible programs (127 programs + program “0” = 128 programs total).. Because of inherent limitations of the

MIDI communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using program change messages) cannot easily be

expanded beyond 128.. Thus, a system of banks,

 

 

 

with 128 sounds in each, has been created

 

 

 

that enables manufacturers to overcome the

Bank MSB

Bank LSB

Program

128-sound MIDI limit..

 

 

 

128 banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic principle used to expand the number of accessible sounds.. However, to avoid reaching the new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds (128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change combined with a program change, another layer of banks was added.. The result is a system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub-banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds (programs) within them..

Bank change messages are useful when calling up sounds from a large library that may exist in a particular sound module or software synthesizer.. For example, devices that are built according to Roland’s GS specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require you to specify a bank change in order to access the extra voices that these devices provide..

MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Significant Byte) message.. This MIDI message is 7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128 banks.. This message can be used in conjunction with MIDI CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional selection of any of another 128 sub-banks.. The combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible 16,384 banks.. Each bank can in turn contain 128 possible sounds selected via a separate program change MIDI message.. This enables a user to theoretically recall over two million programs directly, using only MIDI commands.. However, most devices only use a few different banks, and you can often ignore the LSB message..

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

Program 0

Program 1

Program 2

Program 127

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M-Audio SONO 88 manual Midi Messages In-Depth, Program & Bank Changes

SONO 88 specifications

The M-Audio SONO 88 is a standout MIDI keyboard controller designed for musicians, producers, and composers seeking an intuitive interface with advanced features. This versatile instrument combines a sleek, modern design with a robust set of functionalities that cater to both beginners and seasoned professionals.

One of the main features of the SONO 88 is its full-size, semi-weighted keys. With 88 velocity-sensitive keys, the controller offers an authentic piano feel, making it ideal for expressive play. Musicians can enjoy dynamic response, allowing for intricate nuances in their performance. The keys are also designed to provide a comfortable playing experience, making long practice sessions less taxing.

In addition to the excellent keybed, the SONO 88 incorporates a variety of control options, including eight assignable knobs and transport controls. These features enable seamless integration with most digital audio workstations (DAWs) and software instruments, including popular platforms like Ableton Live, Logic Pro, and Pro Tools. The assignable controls give producers the ability to manipulate parameters on their software easily, streamlining the music creation process.

Another outstanding aspect of the M-Audio SONO 88 is its onboard connectivity. The keyboard is equipped with USB-C connectivity, ensuring both power and data transfer with minimal latency. This feature allows for easy connection to computers and devices, making it a portable solution for musicians on the go. Additionally, it supports traditional MIDI output, making it compatible with a wide range of hardware synths and sound modules.

The SONO 88 also comes with a robust software package, including a selection of virtual instruments and plugins to jumpstart creative workflows. This ready-to-use collection allows users to dive into music production immediately, providing access to high-quality sounds and tools right out of the box.

Moreover, the SONO 88 is designed with portability in mind. Its lightweight construction and compact profile make it easy to transport, whether heading to a rehearsal, studio, or a live performance. With its combination of full-size keys, extensive controls, and compatibility with various platforms, the M-Audio SONO 88 is a powerful tool for anyone looking to elevate their music production experience. Overall, it stands as a comprehensive solution that beautifully combines functionality, control, and portability for every stage of the creative process.