Unity Gain

89

Unity Gain

Unity gain is a gain of 1, that is, no gain or attenuation is applied to a signal.

If a signal entered a mono line level input of the VeniceU at 0dBu and the gain was set to +10dB (an internal 10dB attenuation sets the net gain to 0dB), then the signal was routed to each output at 0dB, the channel fader was set to 0dB and each output fader was set to 0dB, the output should be 0dBu (or unity). Some console manufacturers mark the 0dB level of their faders and pots ‘U’.

Simple. But that’s just one signal. If we have two 0dBu signals entering the VeniceU (assuming they are coherent, that is, the same level and phase) to be summed in the buses, the output would no longer be 0dBu.

Simply,

0dBu = 0.775 volts

0.775 volts + 0.775 volts = 1.55 volts

1.55 volts is 0.775 volts +6dB (or a gain of 2)

To retain an output of 0dBu (our previous unity level) each input must be reduced.

0.775 volts / 2 = 0.3875 volts

0.3875 volts is 0.775 volts -6dB (or a gain of 1/2)

So, each fader must be reduced to -6dB to retain the unity gain level of 0dBu on the console output. When using four inputs at 0dBu, the faders must be reduced to -12dB. Real life signals are not continuous, but the principle is the same. If you have a sinusoidal input that is nominally 0dBu on all 32 inputs with the channel faders at 0dB, the output is likely to be well above the 21dBu maximum output of the console and leave no headroom spare. With real world signals, 32 channels summed together will give around 6dB to 9dB gain because it is unlikely that all 32 channels will receive the same signal at the same time. Instead, signals will occur at different times, and there will be cancellation due to phase and frequency differences.

Signal Processing and Amplifiers

The final links in the system tend to be graphic equalisers, loudspeaker processors and finally amplifiers and speakers.

Graphic equalisers have the same problems as the VeniceU’s EQ. If excessive boost is applied to the signal, the graphic equaliser’s output may be overloaded. If the output of the VeniceU is higher than the maximum input level of the graphic, the input of the graphic may be overloaded.

Loudspeaker processors have similar problems. If the input level to the processor is too high, the input may be overloaded and introduce distortion into the outputs (and to the speakers!). In addition to this, any boost on the processor’s outputs (say you want 3dB more bass) will cause that output to overload earlier (in this case 3dB before the other outputs).

Finally, amplifiers can introduce the most interesting results.

An amplifier has a sensitivity. That is, an input signal level that causes the amplifier to produce its maximum output level. For many amps this is 0dBu (0.775 volts RMS), while others use 0dBV (1 volt RMS) and others use different levels. Beyond this sensitivity, the amplifier’s output will not be able to produce any more power and ‘CLIP’ (usually indicated by some serious looking red lights). Sending +21dBu level from the VeniceU will clip the output of most amplifiers causing damage to your loudspeaker system.

VeniceU Operator Manual

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Midas Consoles U32, U24, U16 technical specifications Unity Gain, Signal Processing and Amplifiers
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U32, U24, U16 specifications

Midas Consoles has firmly established itself as a leading brand in the professional audio equipment market, particularly known for its innovative mixing consoles. Among its impressive lineup, the U series, including the U16, U24, and U32 models, stands out for their remarkable features and cutting-edge technologies that cater to both live sound and studio environments.

The Midas U16 is a compact yet versatile mixing console, offering 16 input channels suitable for various applications. Despite its smaller footprint, the U16 does not compromise on sound quality or functionality. It features high-definition preamps that ensure clean and transparent audio, while its processing engine allows for dynamic EQ and multi-effects, providing audio engineers with creative flexibility. The console comes equipped with an intuitive user interface, featuring a touch screen and easy-to-navigate controls, facilitating quick adjustments during performances.

Moving up in size, the U24 model provides 24 input channels, expanding the mixing capabilities for larger productions. The U24 retains the same premium-quality preamps as the U16, ensuring that every microphone and instrument connected to it is captured with precision and clarity. This model enhances the user’s experience with additional routing options and more extensive onboard processing capabilities. The inclusion of a dedicated effects engine allows for real-time manipulation of audio, making it ideal for live sound situations where adjustments need to be made on-the-fly.

At the top of the range, the U32 offers the ultimate in power and flexibility with 32 input channels. Designed for larger venues and complex audio setups, the U32 is equipped with additional features that cater to professional audio engineers' needs. This console includes advanced digital snake technology, allowing for seamless integration with stage boxes and remote connect capabilities. Furthermore, the U32 can support various plug-ins, making it versatile for different genres and sound profiles.

Across all models, Midas Consoles emphasizes robust construction and reliability, ensuring longevity and peak performance even in demanding environments. The range features a wealth of connectivity options including USB interfaces for direct recording and playback, as well as extensive routing possibilities to accommodate diverse setups.

In summary, Midas Consoles' U16, U24, and U32 models represent the epitome of modern mixing technology, characterized by their exceptional sound quality, intuitive interfaces, and comprehensive features tailored for professional audio applications. Whether it’s an intimate gig or a large festival, these consoles provide the tools needed to deliver outstanding audio experiences.
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