5.What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless phones poses a health risk?

A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually using wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However, very large numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, but 10 or more years follow-up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do - may be many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.

6.What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of wireless phone RF?

FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of investigators around the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to address important questions about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF).

FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization International Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996. An influential result of this work has been the development of a detailed agenda of research needs that has driven the establishment of new research programs around the world. The Project has also helped develop a series of public information documents on EMF issues.

FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) have a formal Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless phone safety. FDA provides the scientific oversight, obtaining input from experts in government, industry, and academic organizations. CTIA- funded research is conducted through contracts to independent investigators. The initial research will include both laboratory studies and studies of wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include a broad assessment of additional research needs in the context of the latest research developments around the world.

7.How can I find out how much radiofrequency energy exposure I can get by using my wireless phone?

All phones sold in the United States must comply with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) guidelines that limit radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures. FCC established these guidelines in consultation with FDA and the other federal health and safety agencies. The FCC limit for RF exposure from wireless telephones is set at a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/kg). The FCC limit is consistent with the safety standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. The exposure limit takes into consideration the body’s ability to remove heat from the tissues that absorb energy from the wireless phone and is set well below levels known to have effects.

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3200 specifications

The Nokia 3200, released in 2003, is one of the notable entries in Nokia's lineup of mobile phones, targeting a youthful audience with its unique design and robust features. As one of the first phones to incorporate a camera in a compact format, it played an essential role in the evolution of mobile photography.

The Nokia 3200 features a distinctive, colorful design with a removable faceplate that encouraged personalization, a significant trend at the time. Its easy-to-hold shape and relatively lightweight construction make it comfortable for daily use. The phone's display is a 128 x 128 pixel monochrome screen, which may seem minimal by today’s standards, but it was suitable for basic tasks like texting and browsing contacts.

One of the standout features of the Nokia 3200 is its built-in VGA camera. With a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels, users could capture moments on the go, although the image quality was limited compared to modern standards. The camera also allowed for basic editing features, enabling users to add frames and effects to their pictures.

In terms of connectivity, the Nokia 3200 supports GSM networks, making it reliable for voice calls and SMS messages. It does not support 3G or 4G, as these technologies were not yet widespread during its production. However, it featured WAP browsing capabilities, which enabled users to access limited internet services and email, a novel feature at that time.

The Nokia 3200 comes equipped with a range of built-in ringtones and supported downloadable polyphonic ringtones, which appealed to younger users looking to customize their devices. It also has a variety of pre-installed games, adding entertainment value for users beyond communication.

Battery life for the Nokia 3200 is commendable, offering up to 4.5 hours of talk time and over 300 hours on standby, ensuring that it could keep users connected throughout the day.

The phone’s memory is expandable via a Pop-Port connector, allowing users to enhance their storage capacity for images and contacts. Overall, the Nokia 3200 embodies the simple yet effective technology of the early 2000s, catering to a generation eager to embrace mobile communication and personalization in a new and innovative way. Its impact is a reminder of how far mobile technology has come and its lasting influence on the design philosophy in modern smartphones.