Appendix B Message from the FDA

3. What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?

The term wireless phone refers here to hand-held wireless phones with built-in antennas, often called cell mobile or PCS phones. These types of wireless phones can expose the user to measurable radiofrequency energy (RF) because of the short distance between the phone and the user’s head. These RF exposures are limited by Federal Communications Commission safety guidelines that were developed with the advice of FDA and other federal health and safety agencies. When the phone is located at greater distances from the user, the exposure to RF is drastically lower because a person's RF exposure decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the source. The so-called cordless phones; which have a base unit connected to the telephone wiring in a house, typically operate at far lower power levels, and thus produce RF exposures far below the FCC safety limits.

4. What are the results of the research done already?

The research done thus far has produced conflicting results, and many studies have suffered from flaws in their research methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects of radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless phones have yielded conflicting results that often cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies, however, have suggested that low levels of RF could accelerate the development of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many of the studies that showed increased tumor development used animals that had been genetically engineered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre- disposed to develop cancer in the absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed the animals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the conditions under which people use wireless phones, so we don’t know with certainty what the results of such studies mean for human health.

Three large epidemiology studies have been published since December 2000. Between them, the studies investigated any possible association between the use of wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effects from wireless phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions about long-term exposures, since the average period of phone use in these studies was around three years.

5.What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless phones poses a health risk?

A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually using wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However, very large numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, but 10 or more years follow-up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do - may be many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.

6.What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of wireless phone RF?

FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of investigators around the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to address important questions about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF).

[ 153 ]

Page 162
Image 162
Nokia 3361 warranty 153, What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?

3361 specifications

The Nokia 3361 is a classic mobile phone that emerged as a popular choice for users in the early 2000s. Launched as part of Nokia's Series 30 lineup, the 3361 is well-known for its durability, simplicity, and essential features, making it a reliable companion for everyday communication.

One of the most striking characteristics of the Nokia 3361 is its robust design. Encased in a durable plastic shell, the phone is built to withstand daily wear and tear. The compact size and lightweight structure make it easy to carry, appealing to users who preferred practicality over the bells and whistles of modern smartphones.

The phone features a monochrome LCD display with a resolution of 48 x 84 pixels, providing clear visibility for texts and basic graphics. The user interface is straightforward, allowing for easy navigation through menus and features. As a quintessential feature phone, the Nokia 3361 is equipped with a T9 predictive text input system, which simplifies texting by anticipating word choices and speeding up message composition.

In terms of connectivity, the Nokia 3361 supports GSM networks, ensuring reliable voice calls and SMS capabilities. The battery life is one of its standout features, with the ability to last several days on a single charge. The phone has a capacity of 850 mAh, allowing users to stay connected without constant recharging. This impressive battery performance made it a preferred choice for individuals who needed a dependable phone during travel or long days away from a power source.

Moreover, the Nokia 3361 offers a variety of polyphonic ringtones, which added a personal touch to the user experience. It also includes a selection of basic games such as Snake II, which became a popular pastime for users, offering simple entertainment on the go.

One of the key aspects of the Nokia 3361 is its affordability. It was marketed as a budget-friendly option, ideal for first-time phone users or those who did not need the advanced features of high-end smartphones.

In summary, the Nokia 3361 represents a pivotal moment in mobile technology, showcasing the essential elements of a user-friendly phone. Its durability, long battery life, and simple interface have secured its place in the hearts of many who experienced the early mobile phone revolution.