Parting Tool - 1/8", used for scraping, making a cut-off, or to set diameters for sizing.

11.3Spindle Turning

Spindle turning takes place between the centers of the lathe. It requires a spur or drive center in the headstock and a live or dead center in the tailstock. A cup center rather than a cone center in the tailstock will often reduce the risk of splitting the stock.

Figure 36 shows the basic profile shapes in spindle turning.

Figure 35

Basic Turning Tools

For safety and best performance, keep tools sharp. If a tool stops cutting or requires excessive pressure to make a cut, it needs to be sharpened. A number of brand name sharpening jigs and fixtures are available; however, a woodturner should learn to sharpen tools freehand.

For best results, use a slow speed grinder (1800 rpm) fitted with a 60-grit aluminum oxide wheel (for shaping) and a 100-grit alum. oxide wheel (for final sharpening and touchup). The grinder should be located near your lathe and at a comfortable height. A diamond dresser will keep the wheels true and eliminate glazing.

Never allow the tool to rest in one place on the wheel, keep it moving and use a light touch.

Carbon steel tools can overheat easily and should be cooled frequently. If the edge turns blue, it has lost its temper and should be ground past the blue area. High-speed steel tools are not as likely to overheat, but can be damaged if allowed to get red hot. High-speed steel tools should not be quenched for cooling. Honing with a diamond lap or slipstone will save trips to the grinder and keep the edge fresh.

Figure 36

11.4Stock Selection

Stock for spindles should be straight grained and free of checks, cracks, knots and other defects. It should be cut 1/8" to 1/4" larger than the finished diameter and may require additional length so the ends can be removed later. Larger stock should have the corners removed to produce an octagon making the piece easier to rough down to a cylinder.

1.With a combination square, or plastic center finder for round stock, locate and mark center on each end of the workpiece. Accuracy is not critical on full rounds but extremely important on stock where square sections are to remain. Put a dimple in the stock with an awl or nail, or use a spring-loaded automatic center punch.

2.Extremely hard woods may require kerfs cut into the ends of the stock (Figure 37) using a band saw, so the wood will accept the spur center and the live center.

Figure 37

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Powermatic 4224B operating instructions Spindle Turning, Stock Selection
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4224B specifications

The Powermatic 4224B is a premier wood lathe that exemplifies robust engineering and advanced technology, making it a favored choice among both professionals and hobbyists in the woodworking community. This lathe is designed to handle large workpieces with precision and ease, ensuring superior performance during various turning tasks.

One of the standout features of the Powermatic 4224B is its powerful 2-horsepower motor, which provides ample torque even at low speeds. This motor is housed in a heavy-duty cast iron construction, ensuring stability and reducing vibrations while in operation. The lathe's bed is also made from solid cast iron, offering a sturdy foundation and longevity that can withstand rigorous use.

The 4224B boasts an impressive 24-inch swing over the bed, allowing woodworkers to tackle large bowls and hollow forms. With an overall length of 42 inches, it accommodates a wide range of projects, making it versatile for different turning applications. It features a user-friendly digital readout for spindle speed, allowing operators to quickly and efficiently adjust settings to suit their specific needs.

In terms of technology, the Powermatic 4224B integrates an innovative SteadyRest and a Tailstock that provides enhanced stability and control during the turning process. The lathe also incorporates a 24-position index head, enabling precise indexing for decorative turning and ensuring accuracy in each rotation.

Another significant characteristic is its variable speed control, allowing users to switch speeds from 40 to 3200 RPM, catering to different materials and project requirements. The quick-change drive system enhances the ease of switching between speeds without the need for additional tools.

The electronic braking system adds an essential safety feature, rapidly stopping the spindle when needed, enhancing user confidence during operation. Additionally, the lathe comes equipped with adjustable feet, ensuring it can be leveled on uneven surfaces.

Overall, the Powermatic 4224B wood lathe is a well-rounded tool that combines power, precision, and versatility, making it an ideal choice for serious woodturners looking to elevate their craft. Its durable design, advanced features, and user-friendly operation make it an investment that can significantly enhance any woodworking workshop.
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