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| ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ | |||
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| .ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ | |||||
| . ﺮﺘﺧﺍ ٣ |
| v d p (EV) ًﺎﻳﻭﺪﻳ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ | |||||
.ﻞﻔﺳﻷﺎﺑ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﻄﺒﺿ ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺮﻬﻈﺘﺳ ● | ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﻃﺎﺳ ًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ | |||||||
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| .ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ | ||||
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ﺎﻘﺣﻻً ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﻪﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻈﻴﺳ ،ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ●
.ﻪﺼﻘﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻁﺮﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﺘﻠﺗ .(ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ) AEB ﺮﺘﺧﺍ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻊﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﻢﻟ ﻥﺇ ● (٥٨ .ﺹ) .ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،ﻞﻗﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻋ :ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻁﺎﻤﻧﺄﺑ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ
(+) ﻊﻄﺳﺃ (٠) ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ (-) ﻖﻤﻏﺃ
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| ← f ﺮﺘﺧﺍ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ | ١ | ||||||||
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| .ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺮﺘﺧﺍ | ٢ | ||||||
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| ﻖﻤﻏﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ :- ،ﺎﻋﻮﻄﺳً ﺮﺜﻛﺃ :+ ● |
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| EV |
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| 0 | +1 | +2 |
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