the integral values during | | | | | |
minute shifting of the inte- | | | | | |
gral range and for periodic | y | | | | |
functions, etc., where posi- | | | | |
| | | | |
tive and negative integral | | | | | |
values exist depending on | | | x0 | y | x2 |
the interval. | | |
| | |
| | | | b |
For the former case, divide | | b x | a | |
a | | x |
integral intervals as small | |
x0 | x1 | | x1 | x3 |
| x2 | |
as possible. For the latter | | x3 | | | |
case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.
Random Function
The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statis- tics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press ®. Press ª to exit.
•The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series.
[Random Numbers]
A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.
[Random Dice]
To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1®.
[Random Coin]
To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly gener- ated by pressing @`2®.
[Random Integer]
An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by press- ing @`3®.
Angular Unit Conversions
Each time @gare pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.
Memory Calculations
Mode | ANS | M, F1-F4 | A-F, X,Y |
NORMAL | | ⋅ | ⋅ |
STAT | |
EQN | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ |
CPLX | | ⋅ | ⋅ |
MAT | | |
LIST | | ⋅ | |
: Available | ⋅ : Unavailable | | |
[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]
Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory.
Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key.
[Independent memory (M)]
In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.
Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M).
[Last answer memory (ANS)]
The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored.
[Formula memories (F1-F4)]
Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation.
Note:
•Calculation results from the functions indicated below are auto- matically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.
•Random function .......... Y memory
•→rθ, →xy ........................ X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)
•Use of R or Kwill recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.
Chain Calculations
•The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple
instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format.
• When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the ª key.
Fraction Calculations
Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction.
•If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)
Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers.
Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ê (“ ” appears.), @û (“ ” appears.), @î (“ ” appears.), @ì (“ ” appears.), @í (“ ”, “ ”, “ ” and “ ” disappear.)
Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed as follows:
A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö
In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a frac- tional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadeci- mal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative num- bers are displayed as a complement.
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations
Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic opera- tions and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:
Coordinate Conversions
• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.
Y | | P (x,y) | Y | | P (r,θ) |
| | | r |
| | | ↔ | |
y | | | θ | |
0 | | X | 0 | X |
x | |
Rectangular coord. | Polar coord. |
•The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X and Y.
• Value of r or x: X memory • Value of θ or y: Y memory
Calculations Using Physical Constants
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing ß followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number.
The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places.
Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa- tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.
Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edi- tion of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Stand- ards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.
No. | Constant | No. | Constant |
01 | Speed of light in vacuum | 28 | Avogadro constant |
02 | Newtonian constant of gravitation | 29 | Molar volume of ideal gas |
03 | Standard acceleration of gravity | | (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) |
04 | Electron mass | 30 | Molar gas constant |
05 | Proton mass | 31 | Faraday constant |
06 | Neutron mass | 32 | Von Klitzing constant |
07 | Muon mass | 33 | Electron charge to mass quotient |
08 | Atomic mass unit-kilogram | 34 | Quantum of circulation |
| relationship | 35 | Proton gyromagnetic ratio |
09 | Elementary charge | 36 | Josephson constant |
10 | Planck constant | 37 | Electron volt |
11 | Boltzmann constant | 38 | Celsius Temperature |
12 | Magnetic constant | 39 | Astronomical unit |
13 | Electric constant | 40 | Parsec |
14 | Classical electron radius | 41 | Molar mass of carbon-12 |
15 | Fine-structure constant | 42 | Planck constant over 2 pi |
16 | Bohr radius | 43 | Hartree energy |
17 | Rydberg constant | 44 | Conductance quantum |
18 | Magnetic flux quantum | 45 | Inverse fine-structure constant |
19 | Bohr magneton | 46 | Proton-electron mass ratio |
20 | Electron magnetic moment | 47 | Molar mass constant |
21 | Nuclear magneton | 48 | Neutron Compton wavelength |
22 | Proton magnetic moment | 49 | First radiation constant |
23 | Neutron magnetic moment | 50 | Second radiation constant |
24 | Muon magnetic moment | 51 | Characteristic impedance of |
25 | Compton wavelength | | vacuum |
26 | Proton Compton wavelength | 52 | Standard atmosphere |
27 | Stefan-Boltzmann constant | | |
| | | |
Metric Conversions
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa- tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.
No. | | Remarks | No. | | Remarks |
1 | in | : inch | 23 | fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US) |
2 | cm | : centimeter | 24 | ml | : milliliter |
3 | ft | : foot | 25 | fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK) |
4 | m | : meter | 26 | ml | : milliliter |
5 | yd | : yard | 27 | J | : Joule |
6 | m | : meter | 28 | cal | : calorie |
7 | mile | : mile | 29 | J | : Joule |
8 | km | : kilometer | 30 | cal15 | : Calorie (15n°C) |
9 | n mile | : nautical mile | 31 | J | : Joule |
10 | m | : meter | 32 | calIT | : I.T. calorie |
11 | acre | : acre | 33 | hp | : horsepower |
12 | m2 | : square meter | 34 | W | : watt |
13 | oz | : ounce | 35 | ps | : French horsepower |
14 | g | : gram | 36 | W | : watt |
15 | lb | : pound | 37 | | |
16 | kg | : kilogram | 38 | Pa | : Pascal |
17 | °F | : Degree Fahrenheit | 39 | atm | : atmosphere |
18 | °C | : Degree Celsius | 40 | Pa | : Pascal |
19 | gal (US) : gallon (US) | 41 | (1 mmHg = 1 Torr) |
20 | l | : liter | 42 | Pa | : Pascal |
21 | gal (UK) : gallon (UK) | 43 | | |
22 | l | : liter | 44 | J | : Joule |
