Black Box Version 1.0 user manual Address assignment in IP networks, IP address classes

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4.2.2 Address assignment in IP networks

Any IP-network device is characterized by the addresses of three groups:

Physical address. It is a hexadecimal MAC address of the network adapter or port. The MAC address is unique and is 6-byte long: the first 3 bytes are the manufacturer’s identifier and the other 3 bytes are uniquely assigned by the manufacturer itself. For example, 18-B7-34-39-AA-FC.

Network address (IP address). It is assigned during the configuring of network devices by the administrator and does not depend on the physical address. The address has a decimal representation and its length is 4 bytes. It consists of two parts: network number and node number. Depending on the class of the network, different quantity of bytes is assigned to the network number..

IP address classes

The network address consists of two logical parts: network and node number. The values of the first address bits mean what part of the address refers to the network number and what to the node number:

•Class A networks. The network number takes one byte, the other three show the node number in the network. Class A networks can only have numbers in the 1.0.0.0–126.0.0.0 range. Networks with number are not used, and number 127 is reserved. The node count must be more than 126 but less than 224. The first bit of the network address of Class A must start with 0.

•Class B networks. The network and node numbers take two bytes each. Class B networks can have numbers in the 128.0.0.0–191.255.0.0 range. The node count must be more than 28 but less than 216. The network address of Class B must have the first two bits equal to 10.

•Class C networks. The network number takes three bytes. Class C networks can have numbers in the 192.0.1.0–223.255.225.0 range. The node count must no be more than 28. The network address of Class C must have the first three bits equal to 110.

•Class D networks. The networks of this class have a special multicast address. Class D networks can have numbers in the 224.0.0.0–239.255.225.225 range. All nodes that have this address will receive a packet with an address that belongs to Class D network. The network address of Class D must begin with a sequence of 1110.

•Class E networks. The networks of this class are not used and they are reserved for future (experimental) usage. Class E networks can have numbers in the 240.0.1.0–247.255.225.225 range. The network address of Class E must begin with a sequence of 11110.

Version: 1.0

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Contents Ethernet Router / Bridge MDS921AE-10BT MDS922AE-10BTSpecifications Firmware Loading Description of Interface Cables Major changes to previous version Version ControlIntroduction Version Specification Adsl in brief TechnologiesXDSL technology, background Asymmetric DSL Adsl technologyUsage Isdn DSL technologyLine code Number of pairsTransmission rate Idsl in briefHigh bit rate DSL Hdsl technology StandardHdsl in brief EXTRAns in brief EXTRAns technologyMdsl in brief Multispeed DSL Mdsl technologyStraight-line code Multispeed DSL Msdsl technologyMSDSL, in brief Transmission medium7.1 G.shdsl, in brief 7 G.shdsl technology1 TCP/IP stack structure Local area network integration. Access to InternetLayer Correspondence of TCP/IP layers with the OSI model layers IP address classes Address assignment in IP networksMasks Automatic assignment of IP addressesTypes of bridges Bridging of local networksSimple network Version Network before running STA Routing components Routing of networksOptimal path determination Change of packet addresses SwitchingRouting algorithms, RIP Internet Access through LANs, NATMasquerading NAPT, PAT NAT functioningStatic Network Address Translation Dynamic Address TranslationInternal IP Port local NAT port 191.167.0.10 1243 61300 Background Description of the DeviceStructural schematic of MDS92xxx-10BT Connection with an automatic speed regulation Adaptive mode Operation modeMaster/Slave mode Connection at a fixed speed Fixed ModeATM interface Bridge modeRoute mode Ethernet 10BaseT interfaceLED Description of LEDsSub-Rack Mechanic DesignMDS920C-10BT, NG, front panel Xdsl Mini-RackMDS922AE-10BT, front panel LED Stand AloneEquipment Installation Version Introduction Programming GuideManagement of devices of Sub-Rack type Management of devices of Mini-Rack and Stand Alone type Command structureCommand tree of bridge mode Command tree of router mode Security password from an unauthorized access Main menu of the bridge modeHelp command Home commandShow command Default commandLan command Setip commandList command Setpass command Manage commandPassword setting Password disablement Password changeBridge mode setting mode Mode commandRouter mode setting mode Quick command Ping commandANY 10 R1483 commandPfilter command Delpvc commandSetpvc command Setspan command Setqos commandRestart command 10.6 6 Show commandSave command Shdsl shdsl Shdsl commandTerminal command Enable commandAnnex command Adapt command Fix commandPRE Activation Status commandMain menu of the router mode Default command Ver commandDnsrelay command Setdnsip command Delwanip command Ipoa commandSetwanip command Setrip commandDhcpserver command Setdhcp command Addpatin command Pat commandSetpat command Delpatin commandPppoa command Chpass command Adduser commandDeluser command Setllc command Echo commandPppoe command 12 R1483 command 12.4 8.3.12.4 Setwanip command WAN Addiproute Rtable commandDeliproute All Deletes Firmware loading guide Firmware LoadingInterfaces Monitor interface Technical SpecificationsNetwork management interface Network interface Protection against dangerous affects Surge safety10.3 10.3 Climatic conditions 10.5 10.5 Physical dimensions 10.4 10.4 GuaranteeShdsl connector CONNECTORS’ DescriptionMonitor connector Power connector For MDS922AE-10BT Ethernet 10BaseT connector12.1 «Direct» Ethernet cable Description of Interface CablesCross-over Ethernet cable Typically the delivery set includes Delivery SETGlossary Splitter RJ11RJ45 RS232TDM Router Example of Network ConfigurationVersion Ethernet IP Subnet mask 0.0.0.0 WAN IP Gateway

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