Black Box Version 1.0 NAT functioning, Static Network Address Translation, Masquerading NAPT, PAT

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If there is a necessity to divide traffic on the basis of TCP ports, NAT makes it possible to map local addresses with one external address using TCP load distribution function.

NAT functioning

The NAT technology defines, as it is stated in the RFC 1631 standard, the ways of IP address translation, used in one network into another network addresses.

There exist three basic principles of address translation: static, dynamic and masquerading.

Static Network Address Translation

With the help of this concept, NAT can organize translation between the same class networks. (For example, when each of two networks contain one address (mask – 255.255.255.255). This strategy is the simplest, because the translation can be described by a couple of simple logical transformations.

Let us cite an example of address translation from two Class C networks – 194.24.90 and

195.60.3.While passing through NAT to the sender’s address field, the packet, addressed from the host 194.24.90.13 will contain a change in the IP header from 194.24.90.13 to 195.60.3.13.

Dynamic Address Translation

Dynamic translation is necessary when the number of addresses (internal and external) being translated is different, however, dynamic translation is sometimes used when static translation does not work. The number of intercommunicating hosts will be limited, in any case, by the number of free (available) addresses on the NAT interface.

Dynamic NAT is more complicated, because it requires to keep track of intercommunicating hosts and possibly even of connections, in case when the information (content) must be modified at Layer 4 (TCP, for example).

For example it is necessary to translate dynamically all IP addresses in Class B network 138.201 into addresses of Class C network 190.200.112. Then, each new connection receives an address from Class C network if there are available addresses there.

This technology, in contrast with static translation, introduces a new notion – NAT table. It is a rendition table of internal addresses and NAT-interface addresses (hereinafter, NAT addresses)

Masquerading (NAPT, PAT)

The Port Address Translation is another case of dynamic translation. Here, we have only one external address behind which, internal addresses “are hidden” – there can be as many internal addresses as possible. In contrast to the original dynamic translation, PAT does not mean that there can be only one connection at a time. To multiplex the number of connections, TCP port information is used by this masquerading. Thus, only the number of ports available limits number of simultaneous connections.

Version: 1.0

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Contents Ethernet Router / Bridge MDS921AE-10BT MDS922AE-10BTSpecifications Firmware Loading Description of Interface Cables Major changes to previous version Version ControlIntroduction Version Specification XDSL technology, background TechnologiesAsymmetric DSL Adsl technology Adsl in briefLine code Isdn DSL technologyNumber of pairs UsageHigh bit rate DSL Hdsl technology Idsl in briefStandard Transmission rateHdsl in brief EXTRAns in brief EXTRAns technologyMdsl in brief Multispeed DSL Mdsl technologyMSDSL, in brief Multispeed DSL Msdsl technologyTransmission medium Straight-line code7.1 G.shdsl, in brief 7 G.shdsl technologyLayer Local area network integration. Access to Internet1 TCP/IP stack structure Correspondence of TCP/IP layers with the OSI model layers IP address classes Address assignment in IP networksMasks Automatic assignment of IP addressesTypes of bridges Bridging of local networksSimple network Version Network before running STA Routing components Routing of networksOptimal path determination Change of packet addresses SwitchingRouting algorithms, RIP Internet Access through LANs, NATStatic Network Address Translation NAT functioningDynamic Address Translation Masquerading NAPT, PATInternal IP Port local NAT port 191.167.0.10 1243 61300 Background Description of the DeviceStructural schematic of MDS92xxx-10BT Master/Slave mode Operation modeConnection at a fixed speed Fixed Mode Connection with an automatic speed regulation Adaptive modeRoute mode Bridge modeEthernet 10BaseT interface ATM interfaceLED Description of LEDsSub-Rack Mechanic DesignMDS920C-10BT, NG, front panel Xdsl Mini-RackMDS922AE-10BT, front panel LED Stand AloneEquipment Installation Version Management of devices of Sub-Rack type Programming GuideIntroduction Management of devices of Mini-Rack and Stand Alone type Command structureCommand tree of bridge mode Command tree of router mode Help command Main menu of the bridge modeHome command Security password from an unauthorized accessLan command Default commandSetip command Show commandList command Password setting Manage commandSetpass command Password disablement Password changeRouter mode setting mode Mode commandBridge mode setting mode Quick command Ping commandANY 10 R1483 commandSetpvc command Delpvc commandPfilter command Setspan command Setqos commandSave command 10.6 6 Show commandRestart command Shdsl shdsl Shdsl commandAnnex command Enable commandTerminal command Adapt command Fix commandPRE Activation Status commandDnsrelay command Ver commandMain menu of the router mode Default command Setdnsip command Delwanip command Ipoa commandSetwanip command Setrip commandDhcpserver command Setdhcp command Addpatin command Pat commandSetpat command Delpatin commandPppoa command Deluser command Adduser commandChpass command Setllc command Echo commandPppoe command 12 R1483 command 12.4 8.3.12.4 Setwanip command WAN Deliproute Rtable commandAddiproute All Deletes Firmware loading guide Firmware LoadingNetwork management interface Technical SpecificationsInterfaces Monitor interface Network interface 10.3 10.3 Climatic conditions Surge safetyProtection against dangerous affects 10.5 10.5 Physical dimensions 10.4 10.4 GuaranteeMonitor connector CONNECTORS’ DescriptionShdsl connector Power connector For MDS922AE-10BT Ethernet 10BaseT connector12.1 «Direct» Ethernet cable Description of Interface CablesCross-over Ethernet cable Typically the delivery set includes Delivery SETGlossary RJ45 RJ11RS232 SplitterTDM Router Example of Network ConfigurationVersion Ethernet IP Subnet mask 0.0.0.0 WAN IP Gateway

Version 1.0 specifications

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