Cisco Systems ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA manual Radius, 16-15, Switchconfig# aaa new-model

Page 213

Chapter 16 Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card

RADIUS Stand Alone Mode

To remove the specified RADIUS server, use the no radius-server host hostname ip-addressglobal configuration command. To remove a server group from the configuration list, use the no aaa group server radius group-nameglobal configuration command. To remove the IP address of a RADIUS server, use the no server ip-addressserver group configuration command.

In this example, the ML-Series card is configured to recognize two different RADIUS group servers

(group1 and group2). Group1 has two different host entries on the same RADIUS server configured for the same services. The second host entry acts as a fail-over backup to the first entry.

Switch(config)# radius-server host 172.20.0.1 auth-port 1000 acct-port 1001

Switch(config)# radius-server host 172.10.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646

Switch(config)# aaa new-model

Switch(config)# aaa group server radius group1

Switch(config-sg-radius)#server 172.20.0.1 auth-port 1000 acct-port 1001

Switch(config-sg-radius)# exit

Switch(config)# aaa group server radius group2

Switch(config-sg-radius)#server 172.20.0.1 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001

Switch(config-sg-radius)# exit

Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services

AAAauthorization limits the services available to a user. When AAA authorization is enabled, the ML-Series card uses information retrieved from the user’s profile, which is in the local user database or on the security server, to configure the user’s session. The user is granted access to a requested service only if the information in the user profile allows it.

There is no support for setting the privilege level on the ML-Series card or using the priv-lvlcommand. A user authenticating with a RADIUS server will only access the ML-Series card with a privilege level of 1, which is the default login privilege level. Because of this, a priv-lvl configured on the RADIUS server should have the priv-lvl of 0 or 1. Once a user is authenticated and gains access to the ML-Series card, they can use the enable password to gain privileged EXEC authorization and become a super user with a privilege level of 15, which is the default privilege level of enable mode.

This example of an ML-Series card user record is from the output of the RADIUS server and shows the privilege level:

CISCO15 Auth-Type := Local, User-Password == "otbu+1"

Service-Type = Login,

Session-Timeout = 100000,

Cisco-AVPair = "shell:priv-lvl=1"

You can use the aaa authorization global configuration command with the radius keyword to set parameters that restrict a user’s network access to privileged EXEC mode.

The aaa authorization exec radius local command sets these authorization parameters:

Use RADIUS for privileged EXEC access authorization if authentication was performed by using

RADIUS.

Use the local database if authentication was not performed by using RADIUS.

Note Authorization is bypassed for authenticated users who log in through the CLI even if authorization has been configured.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to specify RADIUS authorization for privileged EXEC access and network services:

Cisco ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA, and ONS 15310-MA SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide, R9.1 and R9.2

 

78-19415-01

16-15

 

 

 

Image 213
Contents Text Part Number Americas HeadquartersPage Iii N T E N T SExit Getting Help Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features Vii Configuring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS ChannelViii Monitoring and Verifying QoS ConfigurationRPR QoS Displaying the Radius Configuration CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms Xii Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative C-311-6 11-512-11 12-12Xiv 17-517-18 12-3 10-512-4 12-5Xvi Revision History PrefaceThis section provides the following information DateAudience Document ObjectivesRelated Documentation XviiiConvention Application Document ConventionsBoldface ItalicWarnung Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Bewaar Deze InstructiesAvvertenza Importanti Istruzioni Sulla Sicurezza Aviso Instruções Importantes DE SegurançaXxi Xxii Xxiii GEM Disse AnvisningerXxiv Obtaining Optical Networking Information Where to Find Safety and Warning InformationCisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM XxvXxvi ML-Series Card Description Overview of the ML-Series CardIRB ML-Series Feature ListBundling the two POS ports LEX encapsulation only Cisco IOS Key ML-Series FeaturesGFP-F Framing Cisco IOS Release 12.228SVRmon Link Aggregation FEC and POSTL1 Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC CTC Operations on the ML-Series CardML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons RefreshDisplaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC Button DescriptionML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons CTC Displaying Sonet Alarms Displaying J1 Path TraceProvisioning Sonet Circuits Page 78-19415-01 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card Hardware InstallationCisco IOS on the ML-Series Card Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTCCTC Node View Showing IP Address Telnetting to a Management PortML-Series IOS CLI Console Port Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console PortRJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter RJ-11 Pin RJ-45 PinStartup Configuration File Configuring the Management Port PasswordsCommand Purpose Router enableNvram Configuring the HostnameClick the IOS startup config button Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTCDatabase Restore of the Startup Configuration File Cisco IOS Command ModesEnter the configure terminal Mode What You Use It For How to Access PromptInterface fastethernet 0 for Enter the line consoleRouter# configure ? Using the Command ModesExit Getting Help78-19415-01 Understanding Bridging Configuring Bridging on the ML-Series CardConfiguring Bridging Example 4-2 MLSeries B Configuration Example 4-1 MLSeries a ConfigurationMonitoring and Verifying Bridging Bridge irb Bridge 1 protocol ieeeDisplays detailed information about spanning tree For any statically configured forwarding entriesBridge-group-number restricts the spanning tree information To specific bridge groupsPage 78-19415-01 Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card General Interface GuidelinesMAC Addresses MLSeries# show interfaces fastethernet Interface Port IDBasic Interface Configuration MLSeries# configure terminalMLSeriesconfig# interface fastethernet number Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface ConfigurationConfiguring the POS Interfaces Hdlc Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet InterfacesExample 5-3 show controller Command Output Building configuration Current configuration 222 bytes Example 5-4 show run interface Command OutputBridge-group 2 spanning-disabled end Ucode dropsConfiguring POS on the ML-Series Card Understanding POS on the ML-Series CardAvailable Circuit Sizes and Combinations Lcas Support J1 Path Trace, and Sonet AlarmsCcat High Order Vcat High Order Mbps STS-1 STS-1-1v STS-1-2vCRC Sizes Bit default None FCS disabled Encapsulations LEX default Cisco HdlcGFP-F Framing Hdlc Framing PPP/BCPConfiguring POS Interface Framing Mode Configuring the POS InterfaceFraming mode changes on POS ports are Allowed only when the interface is shut downNot a keyword choice in the command. The no Sets the framing mode employed by the ONSForm of the command sets the framing mode GFP default-The ML-Series card supportsLex-default LAN extension Sonet AlarmsHdlc-Cisco Hdlc Cisco-EoS-LEX, special encapsulation forConfiguring Sonet Alarms Configuring Sonet Delay TriggersAll -All alarms/signals Monitoring and Verifying POS Input Packets CCAT/VCAT info not available yetInput Short packets ?? pre-encap bytes 283 Input drop packets78-19415-01 Configuring STP and Rstp on the ML-Series Card STP FeaturesThese sections describe how the spanning-tree features work STP Overview Supported STP InstancesBridge Protocol Data Units Election of the Root Switch Spanning-Tree Timers Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System IDSwitch Priority Value BitSpanning-Tree Interface States Creating the Spanning-Tree TopologySpanning-Tree Interface States Blocking StateListening State Disabled StateLearning State Forwarding StateSTP and Ieee 802.1Q Trunks Spanning-Tree Address ManagementSpanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity Learns addresses Does not receive BPDUsRstp Features Accelerated Aging to Retain ConnectivitySupported Rstp Instances Port Roles and the Active Topology Is Port IncludedPort State Comparison Rapid Convergence Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid Convergence Synchronization of Port RolesBridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing Bit FunctionRstp Bpdu Flags Topology Changes Processing Superior Bpdu InformationProcessing Inferior Bpdu Information Interoperability with Ieee 802.1D STP Configuring STP and Rstp FeaturesDefault STP and Rstp Configuration Feature Default SettingDisabling STP and Rstp Configuring the Root Switch Configuring the Port PriorityPort-channel-number Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group Configuring the Path CostConfiguring the Hello Time Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge GroupVerifying and Monitoring STP and Rstp Status Example 7-1 show spanning-tree Commands Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree StatusDisplays detailed STP or Rstp information Displays brief summary of STP or Rstp information78-19415-01 Understanding VLANs Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series CardConfiguring Ieee 802.1Q Vlan Encapsulation Returns to privileged Exec mode Ieee 802.1Q Vlan ConfigurationOptional Saves your configuration changes to MLSeriesconfig-subif# endNo ip routing Bridging Ieee 802.1Q VLANsMonitoring and Verifying Vlan Operation Example 8-2 Output for show vlans CommandML-Series#show vlans Bridging78-19415-01 Understanding Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network FCS Configuring Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other FeaturesConfiguring an Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Port Displays the tunnel ports on the switch Untagged will be switched based on this bridge-group. OtherExample 9-1 MLSeries a Configuration Ieee 802.1Q ExampleVLAN-Transparent Services VLAN-Specific Services Example 9-2 MLSeries B ConfigurationVLAN-Transparent Service Versus VLAN-Specific Services Example 9-3 ML-Series Card a Configuration Example 9-3applies to ML-Series card aInterface FastEthernet0 Example 9-5 ML-Series Card C Configuration Example 9-4 ML-Series Card B ConfigurationExample 9-4applies to ML-Series card B Example 9-5applies to ML-Series card CConfiguring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Understanding Layer 2 Protocol TunnelingNo ip address Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Guidelines Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration2shows the default Layer 2 protocol tunneling configuration Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling ConfigurationConfiguring Layer 2 Tunneling on a Port Monitoring and Verifying Tunneling Status Configuring Layer 2 Tunneling Per-VLANConfiguring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Card Understanding Link Aggregation10-1 Configuring Link Aggregation Configuring Fast EtherChannel10-2 EtherChannel Configuration Example Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide10-3 10-4 Configuring POS Channel10-5 POS Channel Configuration ExampleConfiguring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS Channel Understanding Encapsulation over FEC or POS Channel10-6 Supported interface commands to meet Configuration mode and enable otherEncapsulation over EtherChannel Example Your requirementsMonitoring and Verifying EtherChannel and POS Example 10-6 MLSeries B Configuration10-8 Hostname MLSeriesB Bridge irbExample 10-7 show interfaces port-channel Command 10-9MLSeries# show int port-channel 10-10 Cisco IOS Command Reference publication Configuring IRB on the ML-Series CardUnderstanding Integrated Routing and Bridging 11-111-2 Configuring IRB11-3 IRB Configuration ExampleExample 11-2 Configuring MLSeries B Example 11-1 Configuring MLSeries aMonitoring and Verifying IRB 11-411-5 11-6 Field Description12-1 Configuring Quality of Service on the ML-Series CardUnderstanding QoS IP Precedence and Differentiated Services Code PointPriority Mechanism in IP and Ethernet 12-212-3 Ethernet CoSML-Series QoS Classification12-4 Policing Marking and Discarding with a Policer12-5 Queuing Scheduling12-6 12-7 Control Packets and L2 Tunneled ProtocolsIngress Priority Marking Egress Priority MarkingQinQ Implementation 12-8QoS on RPR Flow Control Pause and QoS12-9 Configuring QoS Creating a Traffic Class12-10 12-11 Creating a Traffic PolicyPolicy-map policy-nameno policy-map policy-name Syntax of the class command isClass class-map-name no class class-map-name Maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters12-13 12-14 Command12-15 Attaching a Traffic Policy to an InterfaceConfiguring CoS-Based QoS Monitoring and Verifying QoS ConfigurationDisplays all configured traffic policies Traffic class12-17 QoS Configuration ExamplesTraffic Classes Defined Example Traffic Policy Created Example12-18 Example 12-7 Class Map Match Any Command Example Example 12-6 Class Map Match All Command ExampleExample 12-8 Class Map SPR Interface Command Example Match spr1 Interface ExampleML-Series VoIP Example Example 12-9 ML-Series VoIP CommandsML-Series Policing Example 12-20Routerconfig# class-map match-all policer Example 12-10 ML-Series Policing CommandsRouterconfig# policy-map policef0 ML-Series CoS-Based QoS Example12-22 MLSeriesBconfig# cos commit12-23 Default Multicast QoSConfiguring Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Restrictions12-24 12-25 QoS not Configured on Egress ML-Series Egress Bandwidth Example12-26 Crc Service-policy output policyegressbandwidth 12-27Bandwidth Fast Ethernet Understanding CoS-Based Packet StatisticsStatistics Collected Interface Subinterface Vlan 12-2812-29 Configuring CoS-Based Packet Statistics12-30 Understanding IP SLAMLSeries# show interface fastethernet 0 cos MLSeries# show interface pos0 cosIP SLA on the ML-Series IP SLA Restrictions on the ML-Series12-31 12-32 13-1 Understanding the SDMDefault Size Configuring SDMUnderstanding SDM Regions Lookup TypeConfiguring Access Control List Size in Tcam Configuring SDM RegionsTask Command Monitoring and Verifying SDMAccess List 300 64-bit 13-4MAC Addr 8192 64-bit Understanding ACLs Configuring Access Control Lists on ML-Series CardML-Series ACL Support 14-1Named IP ACLs IP ACLsUser Guidelines 14-2Creating IP ACLs Creating Numbered Standard and Extended IP ACLs14-3 Creating Named Extended IP ACLs Control Plane Only Creating Named Standard IP ACLsApplying the ACL to an Interface 14-4Modifying ACL Tcam Size Controls access to an interface14-5 Applying ACL to Interface14-6 Configuring Resilient Packet Ring on ML-Series Card Understanding RPR15-1 Role of Sonet Circuits Packet Handling Operations15-2 15-3 Ring Wrapping15-4 RPR Framing ProcessRPR as the source DA-MAC and 0x00 for Unknown DA-MAC15-5 RPR Frame for ML-Series CardMAC Address and Vlan Support Configuring RPRRPR QoS CTM and RPRConfiguring CTC Circuits for RPR CTC Circuit Configuration Example for RPR15-7 Three-Node RPR Example 15-815-9 Optional Sets the RPR ring wrap mode to either wrap Configures a station ID. The user must configure aImmediate delayed 15-1015-11 Assigning the ML-Series Card POS Ports to the SPR Interface15-12 15-13 Example 15-1 SPR Station-ID 1 Configuration RPR Cisco IOS Configuration ExampleExample 15-2 SPR Station-ID 2 Configuration 15-14CRC Threshold Configuration and Detection Example 15-3 SPR Station-ID 3 Configuration15-15 15-16 Monitoring and Verifying RPRExample 15-4 Example of show interface spr 1 Output Example 15-5 Example of show run interface spr 1 Output15-17 Add an ML-Series Card into an RPRThree-Node RPR After the Addition 15-1815-19 Adding an ML-Series Card into an RPR15-20 Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure GuideDelete an ML-Series Card from an RPR Stop. You have completed this procedureEndpoint of the second newly created circuit 15-2110 Two-Node RPR After the Deletion 15-2215-23 Deleting an ML-Series Card from an RPR15-24 Routerconfig-if# noCisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive Cisco Proprietary RPR Shortest PathRedundant Interconnect 15-26 Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card Understanding Security16-1 Disabling the Console Port on the ML-Series Card Secure Login on the ML-Series CardSecure Shell on the ML-Series Card Understanding SSHConfiguration Guidelines Configuring SSHSetting Up the ML-Series Card to Run SSH This section has configuration information16-4 Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status Configuring the SSH Server16-5 Radius Relay Mode Radius on the ML-Series Card16-6 Radius Stand Alone Mode Configuring Radius Relay Mode16-7 Configuring Radius Understanding Radius16-8 Default Radius Configuration Identifying the Radius Server Host16-9 16-10 Router# configure terminal Enter global configuration mode Configuring AAA Login AuthenticationRouter config# aaa new-model Enable AAA Switchconfig# radius-server host host1Router config# aaa authentication Router config# line console tty16-12 Router# show running-config Verify your entries Router config# end Return to privileged Exec modeDefining AAA Server Groups 16-13Router config-sg-radius# server Router config# aaa group serverRouter config-sg-radius# end Router # show running-configSwitchconfig-sg-radius# exit Switchconfig# aaa new-modelRadius 16-1516-16 Starting Radius AccountingConfiguring a nas-ip-address in the Radius Packet Configuring Settings for All Radius Servers16-17 Deadtime minutes Default is 0 the range is 1 to 1440 minutesMarked as dead, the skipping will not take place 16-18Router config# radius-server host hostname Send accounting authenticationIp-addressnon-standard 16-1916-20 Displaying the Radius ConfigurationCE-100T-8 Ethernet Card CE-Series Ethernet CardsSection topics include 17-1CE-100T-8 Overview CE-100T-8 Ethernet FeaturesAutonegotiation, Flow Control, and Frame Buffering Sonet17-3 Ethernet Link Integrity Support17-4 Enhanced State Model for Ethernet and Sonet PortsIeee 802.1Q CoS and IP ToS Queuing Default None17-5 IP ToS Priority Queue MappingsRmon and Snmp Support Statistics and Counters17-6 Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations CE-100T-8 Sonet Circuits and FeaturesCcat High Order Vcat High Order Vcat Low Order Number of STS-3c Circuits Maximum Number of STS-1 CircuitsMaximum Number of STS-1-2v Circuits CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab7x=1-12 6x=1-14 5x=1-16 =1-21 17-8CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab 17-9CE-100T-8 Vcat Characteristics CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC17-10 17-11 CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet AlarmsCE-MR-6 Ethernet Card CE-MR-6 Overview17-12 CE-MR-6 Ethernet Features Cisco ONS 15310 Procedure Guide17-13 Flow Control 17-1417-15 Ethernet Drop and Continue Circuit17-16 Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual17-17 17-18 17-19 Snmp MIBs SupportedCE-MR-6 Circuits and Features Supported Cross-connects17-20 17-21 Vcat High Order Vcat Low OrderSupported Sonet Circuit Sizes of CE-MR-6 on ONS Minimum Sonet Circuit Sizes for Ethernet Speeds17-22 STS Circuit Combinations VT CircuitsCE-MR-6 Vcat Characteristics CE-MR-6 Pool Allocation17-23 CE-MR-6 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms CE-MR-6 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC17-24 17-25 17-26 Command Reference for the ML-Series Card Drpri-rstp Related Commands bridge-groupIeee RstpRelated Commands show interface Clear countersRouter# clear counters No clock auto Syntax Description Defaults Command Modes Usage GuidelinesClock summertime Clock timezoneInterface spr Defaults Command ModesRelated Commands shutdown No pos mode gfp fcs-disabledMLSeriesconfig # int pos0 MLSeriesconfig-if # shutdown MLSeriesconfig-if # pos mode gfp fcs-disableNo pos pdi holdoff time Related Commands No pos report alarmGatewayconfig# int pos0 Gatewayconfig-if# pos report all Pos trigger defectsRelated Commands pos trigger delay Syntax Description DefaultsGatewayconfig# int pos0 Non pos trigger defects conditionTime Delay time in milliseconds, 200 to No pos trigger delay timeDefault value is 200 milliseconds Command is 50 millisecondsDelayed No pos vcat defect immediate delayedParameter Description ImmediateMLSeries# show controller pos 0 Interface POS0 Show controller pos interface-numberdetailsRelated Commands show interface pos Clear counters Use this command to display the status of the POS interface Related Commands show controller pos Clear countersShow interface pos interface-number MLSeries# show ons alarm Show ons alarm78-19415-01 Port EqptSts VcgSTS Defects MLSeries# show ons alarm defect stsMLSeries# show ons alarm failure eqpt Equipment Alarms Active RUNCFG-SAVENEEDML-Series#show ons alarm failure port MLSeries# show ons alarm failure sts Interface spr Spr station-id Spr wrap Assigns the POS interface to the SPR interfaceNo spr load-balance auto port-based Related Commands interface sprAuto Port-basedDefaultsN/A Configures a station IDFollowing example sets an ML-Series card SPR station ID to Spr-intf-id Spr wrapWraps RPR traffic after the carrier delay time expires Spr wrap immediate delayedMLSeriesconfig-if# spr wrap delayed Interface spr Spr-intf-id Spr station-idUnsupported CLI Commands for the ML-Series Card Unsupported Privileged Exec CommandsUnsupported Global Configuration Commands 78-19415-01 Unsupported POS Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported FastEthernet Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported Port-Channel Interface Configuration Commands Rate-limit Random-detect Timeout Tx-ring-limit Unsupported BVI Interface Configuration CommandsGathering Information About Your Internetwork Using Technical SupportGetting the Data from Your ML-Series Card Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative 78-19415-01 IN-1 IS,AINS CE-MR-6IN-2 IN-3 IN-4 CRCRstp DscpRstp STP IN-5See also framing GFP-FIN-6 IN-7 LcasTL1 RPR SnmpRPR IN-8IN-9 POSRadius RPR RmonIN-10 SDM See also Bpdu Accelerated aging Blocking state SSHTcam IN-12IN-13 VcatIN-14
Related manuals
Manual 334 pages 34.27 Kb Manual 12 pages 12.34 Kb

ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA, Cisco ONS 15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has long been a leader in networking and telecommunications technology, and among its impressive lineup of products, the Cisco ONS 15310 series stands out as an essential solution for optical networking. This series includes models such as the ONS 15310-MA, ONS 15310-CL, and ONS 15310-CA, each designed to meet the diverse needs of service providers and enterprises seeking to enhance their optical transport networks.

The Cisco ONS 15310-MA is an advanced multi-service platform designed for metropolitan area networks. It facilitates the seamless transport of data, voice, and video over optical networks. One of its main features is its ability to support a variety of interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET/SDH, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), allowing users to integrate multiple services into a single platform. Additionally, the ONS 15310-MA supports advanced traffic management and Quality of Service (QoS) features to prioritize critical applications and ensure consistent performance.

The ONS 15310-CL variant is tailored for more specific applications, providing enhanced capabilities aimed at delivering carrier-grade services. It features a robust architecture that accommodates high-capacity traffic without compromising reliability. This model emphasizes low power consumption and a compact design, making it suitable for deployment in space-constrained environments. The ONS 15310-CL also supports a wide range of optical interfaces, making it highly flexible for various network configurations.

In terms of technologies, the Cisco ONS 15310 series leverages Optical Transport Network (OTN) capabilities, providing high efficiency and greater bandwidth utilization. OTN technology enables efficient error correction and adds resilience to the network through its built-in protection mechanisms. Furthermore, the series supports seamless integration with existing IP/MPLS networks, creating a cohesive infrastructure as organizations evolve their networking requirements.

One of the defining characteristics of the ONS 15310 series is its focus on scalability. Network operators can start with a modest deployment and gradually expand capacity as demand grows. This adaptability is complemented by Cisco's comprehensive management and monitoring tools, providing operators with real-time insights into network performance and facilitating proactive management.

In conclusion, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA and ONS 15310-CL models represent sophisticated solutions for modern optical networks. With their versatile features, advanced technologies, and robust design, they empower service providers and enterprises to build resilient, high-capacity networks that meet the demands of today’s data-driven world.