Cisco Systems ONS 15310-CL Default Radius Configuration, Identifying the Radius Server Host, 16-9

Page 207

Chapter 16 Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card

RADIUS Stand Alone Mode

Default RADIUS Configuration

RADIUS and AAA are disabled by default. To prevent a lapse in security, you cannot configure RADIUS through a network management application. When enabled, RADIUS can authenticate users accessing the ML-Series card through the Cisco IOS CLI.

Identifying the RADIUS Server Host

ML-Series-card-to-RADIUS-server communication involves several components:

•Hostname or IP address

•Authentication destination port

•Accounting destination port

•Key string

•Timeout period

•Retransmission value

You identify RADIUS security servers by their hostname or IP address, their hostname and specific UDP port numbers, or their IP address and specific UDP port numbers. The combination of the IP address and the UDP port number creates a unique identifier, allowing different ports to be individually defined as RADIUS hosts providing a specific AAA service. This unique identifier enables RADIUS requests to be sent to multiple UDP ports on a server at the same IP address.

If two different host entries on the same RADIUS server are configured for the same service—for example, accounting—the second host entry configured acts as a fail-over backup to the first one. Using this example, if the first host entry fails to provide accounting services, the ML-Series card tries the second host entry configured on the same device for accounting services.

To configure RADIUS to use the AAA security commands, you must specify the host running the RADIUS server daemon and a secret text (key) string that it shares with the ML-Series card. A RADIUS server, the ONS node, and the ML-Series card use a shared secret text string to encrypt passwords and exchange responses. The system ensures that the ML-Series cards' shared secret matches the shared secret in the ONS node.

Note If you configure both global and per-server functions (timeout, retransmission, and key commands) on the switch, the per-server timer, retransmission, and key value commands override global timer, retransmission, and key value commands. For information on configuring these settings on all RADIUS servers, see the “Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers” section on page 16-17.

Note Retransmission and timeout period values can be configured on the ML-Series card in stand alone mode. These values cannot be configured on the ML-Series card in relay mode.

You can configure the ML-Series card to use AAA server groups to group existing server hosts for authentication. For more information, see the “Defining AAA Server Groups” section on page 16-13.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure per-server RADIUS server communication. This procedure is required.

Cisco ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA, and ONS 15310-MA SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide, R9.1 and R9.2

 

78-19415-01

16-9

 

 

 

Page 206 Page 208
Image 207
Page 206 Page 208
Contents Text Part Number Americas HeadquartersPage Iii N T E N T SExit Getting Help Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features Vii Configuring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS ChannelViii Monitoring and Verifying QoS ConfigurationRPR QoS Displaying the Radius Configuration CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms Xii Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative C-312-12 11-511-6 12-11Xiv 17-517-18 12-5 10-512-3 12-4Xvi Date PrefaceRevision History This section provides the following informationXviii Document ObjectivesAudience Related DocumentationItalic Document ConventionsConvention Application BoldfaceWarnung Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Bewaar Deze InstructiesAvvertenza Importanti Istruzioni Sulla Sicurezza Aviso Instruções Importantes DE SegurançaXxi Xxii Xxiii GEM Disse AnvisningerXxiv Xxv Where to Find Safety and Warning InformationObtaining Optical Networking Information Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROMXxvi ML-Series Card Description Overview of the ML-Series CardIRB ML-Series Feature ListBundling the two POS ports LEX encapsulation only Cisco IOS Release 12.228SV Key ML-Series FeaturesCisco IOS GFP-F FramingRmon Link Aggregation FEC and POSTL1 Refresh CTC Operations on the ML-Series CardDisplaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and ButtonsDisplaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC Button DescriptionML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons CTC Displaying Sonet Alarms Displaying J1 Path TraceProvisioning Sonet Circuits Page 78-19415-01 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card Hardware InstallationCisco IOS on the ML-Series Card Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTCCTC Node View Showing IP Address Telnetting to a Management PortRJ-11 Pin RJ-45 Pin Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console PortML-Series IOS CLI Console Port RJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable AdapterStartup Configuration File Router enable PasswordsConfiguring the Management Port Command PurposeNvram Configuring the HostnameClick the IOS startup config button Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTCDatabase Restore of the Startup Configuration File Cisco IOS Command ModesEnter the line console Mode What You Use It For How to Access PromptEnter the configure terminal Interface fastethernet 0 forGetting Help Using the Command ModesRouter# configure ? Exit78-19415-01 Understanding Bridging Configuring Bridging on the ML-Series CardConfiguring Bridging Bridge irb Bridge 1 protocol ieee Example 4-1 MLSeries a ConfigurationExample 4-2 MLSeries B Configuration Monitoring and Verifying BridgingTo specific bridge groups For any statically configured forwarding entriesDisplays detailed information about spanning tree Bridge-group-number restricts the spanning tree informationPage 78-19415-01 Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card General Interface GuidelinesMAC Addresses MLSeries# show interfaces fastethernet Interface Port IDBasic Interface Configuration MLSeries# configure terminalMLSeriesconfig# interface fastethernet number Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface ConfigurationConfiguring the POS Interfaces Hdlc Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet InterfacesExample 5-3 show controller Command Output Ucode drops Example 5-4 show run interface Command OutputBuilding configuration Current configuration 222 bytes Bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled endConfiguring POS on the ML-Series Card Understanding POS on the ML-Series CardAvailable Circuit Sizes and Combinations Mbps STS-1 STS-1-1v STS-1-2v J1 Path Trace, and Sonet AlarmsLcas Support Ccat High Order Vcat High OrderPPP/BCP Encapsulations LEX default Cisco HdlcCRC Sizes Bit default None FCS disabled GFP-F Framing Hdlc FramingAllowed only when the interface is shut down Configuring the POS InterfaceConfiguring POS Interface Framing Mode Framing mode changes on POS ports areGFP default-The ML-Series card supports Sets the framing mode employed by the ONSNot a keyword choice in the command. The no Form of the command sets the framing modeCisco-EoS-LEX, special encapsulation for Sonet AlarmsLex-default LAN extension Hdlc-Cisco HdlcConfiguring Sonet Alarms Configuring Sonet Delay TriggersAll -All alarms/signals Monitoring and Verifying POS Input drop packets CCAT/VCAT info not available yetInput Packets Input Short packets ?? pre-encap bytes 28378-19415-01 Configuring STP and Rstp on the ML-Series Card STP FeaturesThese sections describe how the spanning-tree features work STP Overview Supported STP InstancesBridge Protocol Data Units Election of the Root Switch Bit Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System IDSpanning-Tree Timers Switch Priority ValueSpanning-Tree Interface States Creating the Spanning-Tree TopologySpanning-Tree Interface States Blocking StateForwarding State Disabled StateListening State Learning StateLearns addresses Does not receive BPDUs Spanning-Tree Address ManagementSTP and Ieee 802.1Q Trunks Spanning Tree and Redundant ConnectivityRstp Features Accelerated Aging to Retain ConnectivitySupported Rstp Instances Port Roles and the Active Topology Is Port IncludedPort State Comparison Rapid Convergence Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid Convergence Synchronization of Port RolesBridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing Bit FunctionRstp Bpdu Flags Topology Changes Processing Superior Bpdu InformationProcessing Inferior Bpdu Information Interoperability with Ieee 802.1D STP Configuring STP and Rstp FeaturesDefault STP and Rstp Configuration Feature Default SettingDisabling STP and Rstp Configuring the Root Switch Configuring the Port PriorityPort-channel-number Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group Configuring the Path CostConfiguring the Hello Time Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge GroupVerifying and Monitoring STP and Rstp Status Displays brief summary of STP or Rstp information Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree StatusExample 7-1 show spanning-tree Commands Displays detailed STP or Rstp information78-19415-01 Understanding VLANs Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series CardConfiguring Ieee 802.1Q Vlan Encapsulation MLSeriesconfig-subif# end Ieee 802.1Q Vlan ConfigurationReturns to privileged Exec mode Optional Saves your configuration changes toNo ip routing Bridging Ieee 802.1Q VLANsBridging Example 8-2 Output for show vlans CommandMonitoring and Verifying Vlan Operation ML-Series#show vlans78-19415-01 Understanding Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network FCS Configuring Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other FeaturesConfiguring an Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Port Ieee 802.1Q Example Untagged will be switched based on this bridge-group. OtherDisplays the tunnel ports on the switch Example 9-1 MLSeries a ConfigurationVLAN-Transparent Services VLAN-Specific Services Example 9-2 MLSeries B ConfigurationVLAN-Transparent Service Versus VLAN-Specific Services Example 9-3 ML-Series Card a Configuration Example 9-3applies to ML-Series card aInterface FastEthernet0 Example 9-5applies to ML-Series card C Example 9-4 ML-Series Card B ConfigurationExample 9-5 ML-Series Card C Configuration Example 9-4applies to ML-Series card BConfiguring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Understanding Layer 2 Protocol TunnelingNo ip address Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling ConfigurationLayer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Guidelines 2shows the default Layer 2 protocol tunneling configurationConfiguring Layer 2 Tunneling on a Port Monitoring and Verifying Tunneling Status Configuring Layer 2 Tunneling Per-VLANConfiguring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Card Understanding Link Aggregation10-1 Configuring Link Aggregation Configuring Fast EtherChannel10-2 EtherChannel Configuration Example Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide10-3 10-4 Configuring POS Channel10-5 POS Channel Configuration ExampleConfiguring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS Channel Understanding Encapsulation over FEC or POS Channel10-6 Your requirements Configuration mode and enable otherSupported interface commands to meet Encapsulation over EtherChannel ExampleHostname MLSeriesB Bridge irb Example 10-6 MLSeries B ConfigurationMonitoring and Verifying EtherChannel and POS 10-8Example 10-7 show interfaces port-channel Command 10-9MLSeries# show int port-channel 10-10 11-1 Configuring IRB on the ML-Series CardCisco IOS Command Reference publication Understanding Integrated Routing and Bridging11-2 Configuring IRB11-3 IRB Configuration Example11-4 Example 11-1 Configuring MLSeries aExample 11-2 Configuring MLSeries B Monitoring and Verifying IRB11-5 11-6 Field Description12-1 Configuring Quality of Service on the ML-Series Card12-2 IP Precedence and Differentiated Services Code PointUnderstanding QoS Priority Mechanism in IP and Ethernet12-3 Ethernet CoSML-Series QoS Classification12-4 Policing Marking and Discarding with a Policer12-5 Queuing Scheduling12-6 12-7 Control Packets and L2 Tunneled Protocols12-8 Egress Priority MarkingIngress Priority Marking QinQ ImplementationQoS on RPR Flow Control Pause and QoS12-9 Configuring QoS Creating a Traffic Class12-10 12-11 Creating a Traffic PolicyMaximum of 40 alphanumeric characters Syntax of the class command isPolicy-map policy-nameno policy-map policy-name Class class-map-name no class class-map-name12-13 12-14 Command12-15 Attaching a Traffic Policy to an InterfaceTraffic class Monitoring and Verifying QoS ConfigurationConfiguring CoS-Based QoS Displays all configured traffic policies12-17 QoS Configuration ExamplesTraffic Classes Defined Example Traffic Policy Created Example12-18 Match spr1 Interface Example Example 12-6 Class Map Match All Command ExampleExample 12-7 Class Map Match Any Command Example Example 12-8 Class Map SPR Interface Command Example12-20 Example 12-9 ML-Series VoIP CommandsML-Series VoIP Example ML-Series Policing ExampleML-Series CoS-Based QoS Example Example 12-10 ML-Series Policing CommandsRouterconfig# class-map match-all policer Routerconfig# policy-map policef012-22 MLSeriesBconfig# cos commit12-23 Default Multicast QoSConfiguring Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Restrictions12-24 12-25 QoS not Configured on Egress ML-Series Egress Bandwidth Example12-26 Crc Service-policy output policyegressbandwidth 12-27Bandwidth 12-28 Understanding CoS-Based Packet StatisticsFast Ethernet Statistics Collected Interface Subinterface Vlan12-29 Configuring CoS-Based Packet StatisticsMLSeries# show interface pos0 cos Understanding IP SLA12-30 MLSeries# show interface fastethernet 0 cosIP SLA on the ML-Series IP SLA Restrictions on the ML-Series12-31 12-32 13-1 Understanding the SDMLookup Type Configuring SDMDefault Size Understanding SDM RegionsMonitoring and Verifying SDM Configuring SDM RegionsConfiguring Access Control List Size in Tcam Task CommandAccess List 300 64-bit 13-4MAC Addr 8192 64-bit 14-1 Configuring Access Control Lists on ML-Series CardUnderstanding ACLs ML-Series ACL Support14-2 IP ACLsNamed IP ACLs User GuidelinesCreating IP ACLs Creating Numbered Standard and Extended IP ACLs14-3 14-4 Creating Named Standard IP ACLsCreating Named Extended IP ACLs Control Plane Only Applying the ACL to an InterfaceApplying ACL to Interface Controls access to an interfaceModifying ACL Tcam Size 14-514-6 Configuring Resilient Packet Ring on ML-Series Card Understanding RPR15-1 Role of Sonet Circuits Packet Handling Operations15-2 15-3 Ring Wrapping15-4 RPR Framing ProcessRPR Frame for ML-Series Card DA-MAC and 0x00 for Unknown DA-MACRPR as the source 15-5CTM and RPR Configuring RPRMAC Address and Vlan Support RPR QoSConfiguring CTC Circuits for RPR CTC Circuit Configuration Example for RPR15-7 Three-Node RPR Example 15-815-9 15-10 Configures a station ID. The user must configure aOptional Sets the RPR ring wrap mode to either wrap Immediate delayed15-11 Assigning the ML-Series Card POS Ports to the SPR Interface15-12 15-13 15-14 RPR Cisco IOS Configuration ExampleExample 15-1 SPR Station-ID 1 Configuration Example 15-2 SPR Station-ID 2 ConfigurationCRC Threshold Configuration and Detection Example 15-3 SPR Station-ID 3 Configuration15-15 Example 15-5 Example of show run interface spr 1 Output Monitoring and Verifying RPR15-16 Example 15-4 Example of show interface spr 1 Output15-17 Add an ML-Series Card into an RPRThree-Node RPR After the Addition 15-1815-19 Adding an ML-Series Card into an RPR15-20 Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide15-21 Stop. You have completed this procedureDelete an ML-Series Card from an RPR Endpoint of the second newly created circuit10 Two-Node RPR After the Deletion 15-2215-23 Deleting an ML-Series Card from an RPR15-24 Routerconfig-if# noCisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive Cisco Proprietary RPR Shortest PathRedundant Interconnect 15-26 Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card Understanding Security16-1 Understanding SSH Secure Login on the ML-Series CardDisabling the Console Port on the ML-Series Card Secure Shell on the ML-Series CardThis section has configuration information Configuring SSHConfiguration Guidelines Setting Up the ML-Series Card to Run SSH16-4 Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status Configuring the SSH Server16-5 Radius Relay Mode Radius on the ML-Series Card16-6 Radius Stand Alone Mode Configuring Radius Relay Mode16-7 Configuring Radius Understanding Radius16-8 Default Radius Configuration Identifying the Radius Server Host16-9 16-10 Switchconfig# radius-server host host1 Configuring AAA Login AuthenticationRouter# configure terminal Enter global configuration mode Router config# aaa new-model Enable AAARouter config# aaa authentication Router config# line console tty16-12 16-13 Router config# end Return to privileged Exec modeRouter# show running-config Verify your entries Defining AAA Server GroupsRouter # show running-config Router config# aaa group serverRouter config-sg-radius# server Router config-sg-radius# end16-15 Switchconfig# aaa new-modelSwitchconfig-sg-radius# exit Radius16-16 Starting Radius AccountingConfiguring a nas-ip-address in the Radius Packet Configuring Settings for All Radius Servers16-17 16-18 Default is 0 the range is 1 to 1440 minutesDeadtime minutes Marked as dead, the skipping will not take place16-19 Send accounting authenticationRouter config# radius-server host hostname Ip-addressnon-standard16-20 Displaying the Radius Configuration17-1 CE-Series Ethernet CardsCE-100T-8 Ethernet Card Section topics includeSonet CE-100T-8 Ethernet FeaturesCE-100T-8 Overview Autonegotiation, Flow Control, and Frame Buffering17-3 Ethernet Link Integrity Support17-4 Enhanced State Model for Ethernet and Sonet PortsIP ToS Priority Queue Mappings Default NoneIeee 802.1Q CoS and IP ToS Queuing 17-5Rmon and Snmp Support Statistics and Counters17-6 Number of STS-3c Circuits Maximum Number of STS-1 Circuits CE-100T-8 Sonet Circuits and FeaturesAvailable Circuit Sizes and Combinations Ccat High Order Vcat High Order Vcat Low Order17-8 CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation TabMaximum Number of STS-1-2v Circuits 7x=1-12 6x=1-14 5x=1-16 =1-21CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab 17-9CE-100T-8 Vcat Characteristics CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC17-10 17-11 CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet AlarmsCE-MR-6 Ethernet Card CE-MR-6 Overview17-12 CE-MR-6 Ethernet Features Cisco ONS 15310 Procedure Guide17-13 Flow Control 17-1417-15 Ethernet Drop and Continue Circuit17-16 Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual17-17 17-18 17-19 Snmp MIBs SupportedCE-MR-6 Circuits and Features Supported Cross-connects17-20 Minimum Sonet Circuit Sizes for Ethernet Speeds Vcat High Order Vcat Low Order17-21 Supported Sonet Circuit Sizes of CE-MR-6 on ONS17-22 STS Circuit Combinations VT CircuitsCE-MR-6 Vcat Characteristics CE-MR-6 Pool Allocation17-23 CE-MR-6 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms CE-MR-6 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC17-24 17-25 17-26 Command Reference for the ML-Series Card Rstp Related Commands bridge-groupDrpri-rstp IeeeRelated Commands show interface Clear countersRouter# clear counters Clock timezone Syntax Description Defaults Command Modes Usage GuidelinesNo clock auto Clock summertimeInterface spr Defaults Command ModesMLSeriesconfig-if # pos mode gfp fcs-disable No pos mode gfp fcs-disabledRelated Commands shutdown MLSeriesconfig # int pos0 MLSeriesconfig-if # shutdownNo pos pdi holdoff time Pos trigger defects No pos report alarmRelated Commands Gatewayconfig# int pos0 Gatewayconfig-if# pos report allNon pos trigger defects condition Syntax Description DefaultsRelated Commands pos trigger delay Gatewayconfig# int pos0Command is 50 milliseconds No pos trigger delay timeTime Delay time in milliseconds, 200 to Default value is 200 millisecondsImmediate No pos vcat defect immediate delayedDelayed Parameter DescriptionMLSeries# show controller pos 0 Interface POS0 Show controller pos interface-numberdetailsRelated Commands show interface pos Clear counters Use this command to display the status of the POS interface Related Commands show controller pos Clear countersShow interface pos interface-number MLSeries# show ons alarm Show ons alarm78-19415-01 Vcg EqptPort StsSTS Defects MLSeries# show ons alarm defect stsMLSeries# show ons alarm failure eqpt Equipment Alarms Active RUNCFG-SAVENEEDML-Series#show ons alarm failure port MLSeries# show ons alarm failure sts Interface spr Spr station-id Spr wrap Assigns the POS interface to the SPR interfacePort-based Related Commands interface sprNo spr load-balance auto port-based AutoSpr-intf-id Spr wrap Configures a station IDDefaultsN/A Following example sets an ML-Series card SPR station ID toInterface spr Spr-intf-id Spr station-id Spr wrap immediate delayedWraps RPR traffic after the carrier delay time expires MLSeriesconfig-if# spr wrap delayedUnsupported CLI Commands for the ML-Series Card Unsupported Privileged Exec CommandsUnsupported Global Configuration Commands 78-19415-01 Unsupported POS Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported FastEthernet Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported Port-Channel Interface Configuration Commands Rate-limit Random-detect Timeout Tx-ring-limit Unsupported BVI Interface Configuration CommandsGathering Information About Your Internetwork Using Technical SupportGetting the Data from Your ML-Series Card Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative 78-19415-01 IN-1 IS,AINS CE-MR-6IN-2 IN-3 IN-4 CRCIN-5 DscpRstp Rstp STPSee also framing GFP-FIN-6 IN-7 LcasIN-8 RPR SnmpTL1 RPRIN-9 POSRadius RPR RmonIN-10 SDM IN-12 SSHSee also Bpdu Accelerated aging Blocking state TcamIN-13 VcatIN-14
Related manuals
Manual 334 pages 34.27 Kb Manual 12 pages 12.34 Kb

ONS 15310-CL, ONS 15310-MA, Cisco ONS 15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has long been a leader in networking and telecommunications technology, and among its impressive lineup of products, the Cisco ONS 15310 series stands out as an essential solution for optical networking. This series includes models such as the ONS 15310-MA, ONS 15310-CL, and ONS 15310-CA, each designed to meet the diverse needs of service providers and enterprises seeking to enhance their optical transport networks.

The Cisco ONS 15310-MA is an advanced multi-service platform designed for metropolitan area networks. It facilitates the seamless transport of data, voice, and video over optical networks. One of its main features is its ability to support a variety of interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET/SDH, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), allowing users to integrate multiple services into a single platform. Additionally, the ONS 15310-MA supports advanced traffic management and Quality of Service (QoS) features to prioritize critical applications and ensure consistent performance.

The ONS 15310-CL variant is tailored for more specific applications, providing enhanced capabilities aimed at delivering carrier-grade services. It features a robust architecture that accommodates high-capacity traffic without compromising reliability. This model emphasizes low power consumption and a compact design, making it suitable for deployment in space-constrained environments. The ONS 15310-CL also supports a wide range of optical interfaces, making it highly flexible for various network configurations.

In terms of technologies, the Cisco ONS 15310 series leverages Optical Transport Network (OTN) capabilities, providing high efficiency and greater bandwidth utilization. OTN technology enables efficient error correction and adds resilience to the network through its built-in protection mechanisms. Furthermore, the series supports seamless integration with existing IP/MPLS networks, creating a cohesive infrastructure as organizations evolve their networking requirements.

One of the defining characteristics of the ONS 15310 series is its focus on scalability. Network operators can start with a modest deployment and gradually expand capacity as demand grows. This adaptability is complemented by Cisco's comprehensive management and monitoring tools, providing operators with real-time insights into network performance and facilitating proactive management.

In conclusion, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA and ONS 15310-CL models represent sophisticated solutions for modern optical networks. With their versatile features, advanced technologies, and robust design, they empower service providers and enterprises to build resilient, high-capacity networks that meet the demands of today’s data-driven world.
Top Page Image Contents