Netopia R7200 manual MacIP, Routers and seeding

Page 121

AppleTalk Setup 12-3

MacIP

When Macintosh computers encapsulate TCP/IP packets in AppleTalk, because they are either on LocalTalk or EtherTalk, they must use the services of a MacIP gateway. This gateway converts network traffic into the correct format for AppleTalk or IP, depending on the traffic’s destination. Setting up MacIP involves enabling the feature and optionally setting up a range of addresses to be static.

See “IP address serving” on page 10-21for more information on how to set up MacIP and other IP addressing schemes.

AURP

AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP) allows AppleTalk networks to communicate across an IP network. Your local AppleTalk networks (connected to the Netopia R7200) can exchange data with remote AppleTalk networks that are also connected to an AURP-capable router.

When two networks using AppleTalk communicate with each other through a network based on the Internet Protocol, they are said to be tunneling through the IP network. The Netopia R7200 uses AURP to allow your AppleTalk network to tunnel to designated AppleTalk partner networks, as well as to accept connections from remote AppleTalk networks tunneling to your AppleTalk LAN.

Routers and seeding

To configure AppleTalk networks, you must understand the concept of seeding. Seeding is the process by which routers (or more specifically, router ports) agree on which routing information is valid. AppleTalk routers that have been reset, for example, must decide which zones and network numbers are valid before they begin routing. In this case, a router may use the information it has stored or information it receives from another router, depending on how it has been configured.

To help ensure agreement between routers on a network, a seed router is configured with the correct information, and other routers obtain their information from that router when they are turned on or reset.

Routers commonly use one of three types of seeding procedures: hard seeding, soft seeding, and non-seeding.

Hard seeding: When a router that uses hard seeding is turned on or reset, it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve. If no other routers reply, the router uses the network numbers and zone names specified in its own configuration. If other routers reply, and their information matches the router’s own configuration information, the result is the same—the router uses the values in its own configuration. However, if other routers provide network numbers or zone names that conflict with those in the router’s configuration, the router disables any of its own ports for which there are conflicts.

Soft seeding: When a router that uses soft seeding is turned on or reset, it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve. If no other routers reply, the router uses the network numbers and zone names specified in its own configuration. If other routers reply, the router uses the information they provide, regardless of whether or not there are conflicts between the information received and its configured information. Once a soft- or hard-seeding router begins to route, it can serve as a seed router, providing network number and zone name information to other routers upon request. The default state of the Netopia R7200’s AppleTalk ports is soft seeding.

Non-seeding:When a router using non-seeding is turned on or reset, it requests network number and zone name information from any existing routers on the networks it will serve. For any network where no other routers reply, the non-seeding router will not have any active ports until the next reset.

Page 120 Page 122
Image 121
Page 120 Page 122
Contents Netopia R7200 Sdsl Router Part Number Contents Part II Advanced Configuration Contents Aurp Snmp Xmodem Part III Appendixes User’s Reference Guide Part I Getting Started User’s Reference Guide Chapter Introduction Features and capabilitiesOverview How to use this guide Finding an Internet service provider Chapter Setting Up Internet ServicesUnique requirements Setting up a Netopia R7200 account Obtaining an IP addressPricing and support Endorsements Deciding on an ISP accountLocal LAN IP address information to obtain Obtaining information from the ISPWith Network Address Translation Without Network Address TranslationUser’s Reference Guide Find a location Chapter Making the Physical ConnectionsWhat you need Identify the connectors and attach the cablesYour router on Netopia R7200 Sdsl Router back panel portsNetopia R7200 LED front panel Netopia R7200 Sdsl Router status lightsReadying computers on your local network Chapter Connecting to Your Local Area NetworkUser’s Reference Guide Connecting to an Ethernet network 10Base-T Adding an external modem Connecting to a LocalTalk network Chapter Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Before running SmartStart SmartStart Wizard configuration screens Setting up your Router with the SmartStart WizardEasy option Advanced setupAdvanced option Configuration screen on Configuration tab Dynamic configuration recommendedStatic configuration optional Add. Repeat this process for the secondary DNS TCP/IP Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computersTCP/IP or MacTCP Dynamic configuration using MacIP optional Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard User’s Reference Guide Chapter Console-Based Management Connecting through a Telnet session Configuring Telnet software Connecting a console cable to your routerPC ANSI-BBS Navigating through the console screensEasy Setup console screens Chapter Easy SetupAccessing the Easy Setup console screens See Appendix A, Troubleshooting, for more suggestions Quick Easy Setup connection path Main Menu appears Sdsl Line ConfigurationPrevious Screen Next Screen Easy Setup ProfileIP Easy Setup Easy Setup Security Configuration Previous Screen To Main Menu Part II Advanced Configuration User’s Reference Guide WAN configuration Chapter WAN and System ConfigurationATM VPI ATM VCI Creating a new Connection Profile IPX Profile Parameters Remote IPX Network Datalink PPP/MP Options Data Compression Default profile Main Menu Default Profile screen appears IP parameters default profile screen System configuration screens IPX parameters default profile screenNavigating through the system configuration screens System configuration features Filter sets firewalls Network protocols setupIP address serving Date and timeConsole configuration Snmp Simple Network Management Protocol Upgrade feature setSecurity LoggingInstalling the Syslog client User’s Reference Guide Chapter Line Backup Backup Configuration screen appears Atdt Backup Configuration screenIP Setup screen Connection Profiles Using Scheduled Connections with BackupScheduled Connections screen appears Management/Statistics Force Recovery Event Logs QuickViewSnmp Support User’s Reference Guide Network Address Translation features Chapter IP Setup and Network Address TranslationHOW NAT Works Previous Screen Using Network Address TranslationV2 multicast Numbered Sdsl WAN1 Associating port numbers with nodesAdvanced IP/IPX router configuration options Data Link Options IP Setup and Network Address Translation Network Address Translation guidelines IP setup User’s Reference Guide Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears Select Service. a pop-up menu of services and ports appears IP subnets User’s Reference Guide Static routes Viewing static routes Static Routes screen will appearAdding a static route Modifying a static route Rules of static route installationDeleting a static route Main Menu System Configuration IP Address Serving 176.163.222.10 Dhcp NetBios Options Serve Bootp Clients IP Address Pools IP Setup and Network Address Translation Dhcp NetBIOS Options NetBios Type MacIP KIP forwarding setup You have finished your IP setup User’s Reference Guide IPX features Chapter IPX SetupIPX definitions Internetwork Packet Exchange IPXIPX address Service Advertising Protocol SAPSocket Routing Information Protocol RIPIPX setup screen NetBIOSIPX spoofing Default Gateway Address IPX routing tables User’s Reference Guide AppleTalk networks Chapter AppleTalk SetupAppleTalk protocol AT Routing Table Routers and seeding MacIPInstalling AppleTalk Upgrade Feature Set Configuring AppleTalk EtherTalk setupLocalTalk setup Viewing Aurp partners Aurp setupAurp Free Trade Zone Modifying an Aurp partner Adding an Aurp partnerReceiving Aurp connections Deleting an Aurp partnerConfiguring Aurp Options Aurp Options Tickle Interval Hhmmss User’s Reference Guide Quick View status overview Chapter Monitoring ToolsGeneral status Status lights Current statusGeneral Statistics Statistics & LogsPhysical Interface Event historiesNetwork Interface WAN Event History Device Event History Routing tablesIP routing table IPX Sap Bindery table IPX routing tableAppleTalk routing table Served IP Addresses IP Address Lease Management screen appears Snmp System InformationCommunity strings Snmp Setup screenSnmp traps Viewing IP trap receivers Setting the IP trap receiversModifying IP trap receivers Deleting IP trap receiversWeb-based management pages Event History pages WAN Event History Device Event History User’s Reference Guide Suggested security measures Chapter SecurityUser accounts Protecting the configuration screens Protecting the Security Options screenDial-in console access Telnet access Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web serverAbout filters and filter sets What’s a filter and what’s a filter set?Filter priority How filter sets workHow individual filters work Parts of a filter filtering rulePort numbers Other filter attributes Port number comparisonsUDP Putting the parts togetherFiltering example #2 Filtering example #1Disadvantages of filters Design guidelinesWorking with IP filters and filter sets An approach to using filtersNaming a new filter set Adding a filter setAdding filters to a filter set Input and output filters-source and destinationADD this Filter NOW Cancel Viewing filters Viewing filter setsModifying filters Deleting filtersDeleting a filter set Modifying filter setsSample IP filter set TCP Icmp UDP Possible modifications User’s Reference Guide IPX filters Viewing and modifying packet filters IPX packet filtersAdding a packet filter Deleting a packet filter IPX packet filter setsViewing and modifying packet filter sets Adding a packet filter setNo Match Deleting a packet filter set IPX SAP filtersViewing and modifying SAP filters Deleting a SAP filter Adding a SAP filterViewing and modifying SAP filter sets IPX SAP filter setsAdding a SAP filter set Deleting a SAP filter set Basic IP packet components Firewall tutorial General firewall termsBasic protocol types Example TCP/UDP Ports Firewall design rulesFirewall Logic Logical and function Binary representationEstablished connections Implied rulesExample IP filter set screen Example network Filter basicsExample Example filtersExample Example Chapter Utilities and Diagnostics Ping Receive return Ping packet Stop Ping Trace RouteTelnet client Disconnect Telnet console session Factory defaultsUpdating firmware Transferring configuration and firmware files with TftpDownloading configuration files Transferring configuration and firmware files with Xmodem Uploading configuration filesIdle Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia? Restarting the system Part III Appendixes User’s Reference Guide Configuration problems Appendix a TroubleshootingNetwork problems Console connection problemsPower outages How to reset the router to factory defaultsTechnical support How to reach usBefore contacting Netopia Environment profileFAX-Back Online product informationUser’s Reference Guide Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing What is IP?About IP addressing Subnets and subnet masks Subnet masks Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internetISP Network Network configurationDistributing IP addresses Example Working with a Class C subnetBackground Technical note on subnet masking Configuration Netopia R7200 Dhcp server characteristicsDhcp address serving Manually distributing IP addresses Using address servingMacIP serving Serve dynamic WAN clientsUnderstanding IP Addressing B-9 Tips and rules for distributing IP addressesDhcp example Internet Nested IP subnets0.0 C.1 WAN 3719 Packet header types BroadcastsUser’s Reference Guide Network configuration Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT BehaviorBackground User’s Reference Guide Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-3 Netopia Router WWW Server ISP Router LAN Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-5 Exported servicesImportant notes Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-7 Summary Appendix D Binary Conversion Table Decimal Binary Appendix E Further Reading User’s Reference Guide Further Reading E-3 User’s Reference Guide Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cable Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety InformationDescription Power requirementsEnvironment Software and protocols Regulatory notices Agency approvalsNorth America InternationalDeclaration for Canadian users Important safety instructionsBattery Telecommunication installation cautionsAppendix G About Sdsl User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Remapping See network number remapping User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Numerics IndexIndex-2 Index-3 Index-4 Index-5 Index-6 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies User’s Reference Guide
Top Page Image Contents