Axiom Audio Electronic Keyboard manual Midi Messages Explained, Program & Bank Changes Explained

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Axiom Line User Guide

4.3 Controlling a Sound Module from the Computer

By turning on MIDI Out from USB mode (section 4.1), the data coming into the Axiom from the computer will go directly out of the MIDI Out port and trigger the sounds in the external sound module. This means that your Axiom is effectively acting as a USB to MIDI interface. In order to channel MIDI data from the computer to the MIDI Out port, you should set the MIDI Output device on your computer to be the Axiom.

Alternatively, you may want to merge the MIDI data from your Axiom with the data from the computer. This would allow you to play and record to a sequencer, and play back the entire performance on a sound module connected to the MIDI Out port of your Axiom. To do this:

<Set MIDI Out from USB mode on (section 4.1).

<Select the Axiom as the MIDI Input device in your sequencer.

<Select the Axiom as the MIDI Output device in your sequencer.

Section 5: MIDI Messages Explained

5.1 Program & Bank Changes Explained

The original GM MIDI Specification was designed to access only 128 different sounds using Program Change messages (0-127).

As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, Bank Change messages were included in the specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed. Within each bank there are a possible 128 different sound patches that can be accessed using the standard Program Change command. Using the expanded 14-bit Bank Change command, there are now 16,384 banks available—each with 128 sounds patches.Technically speaking, the first 7 bits of the 14-bit Bank Change message are sent in a single byte known as the Bank LSB.The last 7 bits define another byte known as the Bank MSB.The Bank LSB is the most commonly used.This allows for 128 bank changes, and often there is no need to send a Bank MSB.

You will find almost all MIDI devices respond to Program Change commands and many are organized according to the GM listing. In all General MIDI devices, the different sounds are always organized in the same way from device to device, so the piano sounds are in their particular place, the string sounds are in their place, the drum sounds and so on. All GM devices (both hardware and software sound modules) are clearly labeled as such, so you know that their sounds are organized in the General MIDI structure. So when a GM device receives a MIDI Program Change, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from the GM sound set. All non-GM devices call up unique sounds from their memory upon receiving MIDI Program Changes. Since the sounds in a non-GM device are not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in the memory it resides. Many VST instruments such as Native Instruments’ FM7 or the synth modules in Reason are non-GM devices.

Bank Change messages are useful when calling up sounds from a large library that may exist in a particular sound module or software synth. For example devices that are built with Roland's GS specification or Yamaha's XG specification require you to specify a Bank Change in order to access the extra voices and effects that these devices provide.

Sending Program, Bank LSB and Bank MSB data is made simple using the Axiom. Please consult section 2.3 to see how this is done.

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Contents Axiom Table of Contents Axiom Line User Guide About This Manual IntroductionWhat’s in the Box? Axiom Keyboard OverviewTop Panel Overview Back Panel Overview Control Definitions Getting StartedAxiom Keyboards Overview Midi Connections SetupDriver Installation Procedure Using The Axiom with Your SoftwareAxiom 25 Functions English Power SupplyBasic Midi Control From Your Axiom Axiom 49 And 61 Functions Numeric KeypadFunction Section Function IndexWhite Keys Black Keys Numeric Data Entry Keys Curve Fixed Velocity Value KeyboardVelocity Curve Transpose To access all 11 available octaves from your keyboardTo change the velocity curve OctaveTo send a program change Midi ChannelProgram and Bank Changes To set the channel of your keyboardEffect Control Number Midi Controller MessagesTo send a bank change Programming a control Extra Messages 128 ToProgramming the Controls on Your Axiom MethodPanic ResetAxiom Control Controller Definition Table Advanced FeaturesMidi Controllers Limiting the Range of ControllersTo store all of the current control settings on your Axiom Recollection and Storage of Your Control SetupsDrawbar Mode Control Groups To recall any memory you have storedDevice ID Storing Your Presets on a ComputerNull How To Avoid Jumping ParametersRotary Encoders MuteEndless Data Method Increment Decrement To Assign the Rotary EncodersSample/Loop Triggers With Midi Notes Pressure PadsAcceleration Curves To select the acceleration curveDrum Pattern Composition Sample/Loop Triggers with Midi Controller Messages To change the velocity curve for the pads Pressure ControlPad Curve Zones Setting the Vel. Lock parameters as followsControlling Several Devices at the Same Time Velocity LockTo assign the channel of a zone To enable/disable any zoneActivating/Deactivating Zones Zone ChannelMore About Program, Bank LSB And Bank MSB Zone RangeTo set the range of a zone To assign the transmit channel for a control Individual Channel Assignments of ControlsGroup a Controls Example of Control Functionality Setting Toggle Values for the ButtonsSetting up a toggle effect Setting up an alternating value effectAssigning MMC Messages to a Button Number MMC CommandTo assign RPN or Nrpn numbers Assigning RPN/NRPN Messages to a Fader or EncoderMidi Out from USB Function Usage ExamplesRecording Your Performance On a Sequencer To control Midi out from USB modeProgram & Bank Changes Explained Midi Messages ExplainedControlling a Sound Module from the Computer SysEx Explained RPN/NRPNs ExplainedTroubleshooting Technical Info Warranty Terms and RegistrationWarranty Terms Warranty Registration English Appendices Appendix a Midi Implementation ChartOctave Appendix B Useful Midi Data TablesB1 General Midi Instruments Program Change Numbers B2 General Midi Note NumbersB6 General Midi Drums Note assignments B3 Roland GS And Yamaha XG Nrpn MessagesB4 General Midi Drums Note assignments B5 GM2 Chorus TypesAdditional Messages Channel Mode MessagesAppendix C General Midi Controller Numbers Midi CCs Description Data Midi CC Appendix F Assignable Controller Numbers to Rotary Encoders This table only applies to the pressure Pads on your Axiom Appendix G Assignable Controller Numbers to Pressure PadsHexadecimal value Decimal value Appendix H Hexadecimal Conversion ChartAppendix I Factory Presets Preset 6 Wizoo Darbuka/Latigo How to use the Axiom with Ableton LivePreset 4 GForce Minimonsta Preset 5 Way Out Ware TimewARPPresets 17 and 20 Ableton Live / Unassigned Midi controllers Presets 7 to 12 Propellerhead ReasonAudio USA
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