HP E4446A, E4448A, E4440A, E4445A, E4443A Improving Frequency Accuracy, Valid Marker Count Range

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Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Improving Frequency Accuracy

10.While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function block are significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marker annotation (upper-right corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency reading in the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.

a.Press Mkr Fctn.

•The Marker Fctn softkeys appear.

b.Press Marker Count.

•The Marker Count softkeys appear.

11.Note softkey Marker Count On Off. If Off is underlined, press the softkey to toggle marker count on.

As shown in Figure 3-5:

•The marker annotation changes from Mkr1 to Cntr1.

•The displayed resolution in the marker annotation improves.

NOTE

When you use the frequency count function, if the ratio of the resolution

 

bandwidth to the span is less than 0.002, the following message

 

appears on the display: Freq Count: Reduce Span/RBW ratio

 

This indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.

 

 

12.Press Marker ➞ , Mkr ➞ CF to move the 10 MHz peak to the center of the display.

Valid Marker Count Range

13.Move the marker down the skirt of the 10 MHz peak. Note that although the readout in the active function changes, as long as the marker is at least 26 dB above the noise, the counted value (upper-right corner of display) does not change (see Figure 3-6). For an accurate count, the marker does not have to be at the exact peak.

NOTE

Marker count functions properly only on CW signals or discrete peaks.

 

For a valid reading, the marker must be ≥ 26 dB above the noise.

 

 

14.Press BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter a new value. This action makes the resolution bandwidth the active function and allows you to experiment with different resolution bandwidth (RBW) values.

15.Press Marker, Off to turn the marker off.

NOTE

After properly setting the analyzer to display your signal, you can save

 

the settings as either a user preset (press System, Power On/Preset, Save

 

User Preset), or a file (see “Saving a File” on page 48).

 

 

Chapter 3

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Contents Getting Started Guide Additional Information Contents Case of Difficulty Installation and Setup Agilent Technologies Performance Spectrum Analyzer PSA Initial Inspection AccessoriesDescription Standard Documentation SetIf There Is a Problem Power Requirements Description Specifications AC Power CordAC Power Cords Battery Information Information Screen Turning on the Analyzer for the First TimeUsing an External Reference Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?TIP Firmware RevisionManually Performing an Alignment Running Internal AlignmentsPrinter Models Printer Setup and OperationEquipment Testing Printer Operation Interconnection and SetupAdditional Information about ESD Protecting Against Electrostatic DischargeTest Equipment and ESD Safety Information Front and Rear Panel Features Name Front-Panel Connectors and KeysFront Panel Overview Description Name Description Associated Function Keys Display AnnotationsTrigger & sweep modes Trace modes Phase noise optimizationa Rear-Panel Features Always turn off power before plugging in keyboard Key Overview Key Overview Front and Rear Panel Symbols Front and Rear Panel Symbols Making a Basic Measurement Basic Assumption Using Menu Keys Using the Front PanelEntering Data Knob Arrow Keys Numeric Keypad Unit Softkeys Enter KeyDisabling User Preset Presetting the Spectrum AnalyzerCreating a User Preset Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency Viewing a SignalSetting Frequency Span 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated SpectrumChanging Reference Level Reading Frequency & AmplitudeA Marker on the 10 MHz Peak Valid Marker Count Range Improving Frequency AccuracyIncreasing Marker Frequency Accuracy Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Locating and viewing files in the catalog File Menu FunctionsCatalog Menu Creating a directory Saving a File Set up the analyzer traceViewing Traces 1 Viewing Traces 1, 2, Save the fileSaving a File File Loaded Loading a fileVerifying Trace Renaming a File Renaming a FilePut a formatted floppy in the a drive Copying a FileDeleting a File Using the Alpha Editor Using the Alpha Editor Options and Accessories Options see Ordering Options and AccessoriesAccessories see Option Name Description Number Options124 ANE BAB UK6 Name DescriptionAccessories HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers Gpib CableUSB/GPIB Cable RF and Transient Limiters Static Safe AccessoriesHP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Case of Difficulty Personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers Types of Messages Types of Spectrum Analyzer MessagesCheck the Basics Before Calling Agilent TechnologiesReference, 10 MHz to select On Calling Agilent Technologies Read the WarrantyService Options Europe Australia United States Latin America New ZealandCanada Japan Asia Pacific Service Tag Returning an Analyzer for ServiceOriginal Packaging Other PackagingReturning an Analyzer for Service Returning an Analyzer for Service Numerics IndexIndex-80

E4443A, E4448A, E4445A, E4446A, E4440A specifications

The HP E4440A, E4446A, E4445A, E4448A, and E4443A are high-performance spectrum analyzers designed to meet the testing and measurement needs of engineers and technicians in various industries. These models offer a combination of advanced technologies and features that enhance their functionality and usability.

Starting with the HP E4440A, this spectrum analyzer is well-known for its wide frequency range and excellent resolution bandwidth, making it ideal for characterizing RF signals. It is capable of analyzing signals from 9 kHz up to 1.5 GHz, providing a comprehensive tool for capturing a wide spectrum of frequencies. The E4440A features a sophisticated built-in signal analysis capability, including demodulation and specialized measurement functions that assist in the evaluation of complex signals.

The E4446A elevates performance further with a frequency range extending up to 6 GHz. This model includes advanced phase noise measurement capabilities, which are crucial for testing communication systems and ensuring signal integrity. Its large color display coupled with a user-friendly interface allows for easy navigation through various measurement settings.

For deeper insights into signal behavior, the HP E4445A stands out with its ability to perform real-time spectrum analysis. This feature allows engineers to capture transient signals and analyze them effectively, which is essential in modern RF design and troubleshooting. The E4445A also supports a range of modulation analysis tools enabling comprehensive testing of communication systems.

Meanwhile, the E4448A is recognized for its high dynamic range and low noise floor. These characteristics are essential for analyzing weak signals in the presence of stronger ones. Its enhanced sensitivity allows engineers to detect signals buried in noise, which is vital for applications such as spectrum monitoring and interference analysis.

Finally, the HP E4443A is tailored for more specialized applications, featuring a frequency range up to 3 GHz. It incorporates advanced digital signal processing techniques that facilitate accurate measurements even in challenging environments. Its portability and robust design make it a preferred choice for field applications, allowing users to perform spectrum analysis where needed.

In summary, the HP E4440A, E4446A, E4445A, E4448A, and E4443A spectrum analyzers offer a rich set of features and technologies that cater to the evolving demands of RF engineers. With their superior performance characteristics, they serve as invaluable tools across a variety of testing and measurement applications in the telecommunications and electronics sectors.
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