Apple 034-2351_Cvr manual DNS Service

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DNS Service

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When your clients want to connect to a network resource such as a web or file server, they typically request it by its domain name (such as www.example.com) rather than by its IP address (such as 192.168.12.12). The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed database that maps IP addresses to domain names so your clients can find the resources by name rather than by numerical address.

A DNS server keeps a list of domain names and the IP addresses associated with each name. When a computer needs to find the IP address for a name, it sends a message to the DNS server (also known as a name server). The name server looks up the IP address and sends it back to the computer. If the name server doesn’t have the IP address locally, it sends messages to other name servers on the Internet until the IP address is found.

Setting up and maintaining a DNS server is a complex process. Therefore many administrators rely on their Internet Service Provider (ISP) for DNS services. In this case, you only have to configure your network preferences with the name server IP address provided by your ISP.

If you don’t have an ISP to handle DNS requests for your network and any of the following is true, you need to set up DNS service:

You don’t have the option to use DNS from your ISP or other source.

You plan on making frequent changes to the namespace and want to maintain it yourself.

You have a mail server on your network and you have difficulties coordinating with the ISP that maintains your domain.

Mac OS X Server uses Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND v.9.2.2) for its implementation of DNS protocols. BIND is an open-source implementation and is used by the majority of name servers on the Internet.

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Contents Mac OS X Server Network Services Administration 034-2351/9-20-03 Contents Glossary Index What’s Included in This Guide How to Use This GuideUsing This Guide Getting Additional Information Setting Up Mac OS X Server for the First TimeGetting Help for Everyday Management Tasks Before You Set Up Dhcp Service Dhcp ServiceCreating Subnets Using Static IP AddressesAssigning IP Addresses Dynamically Locating the Dhcp ServerUsing Multiple Dhcp Servers on a Network Setting Up Dhcp Service for the First TimeInteracting With Other Dhcp Servers Assigning Reserved IP AddressesStarting and Stopping Dhcp Service Managing Dhcp ServiceCreating Subnets in Dhcp Service Set up logs for Dhcp serviceTo change subnet settings Changing Subnet Settings in Dhcp ServiceChanging IP Address Lease Times for a Subnet Deleting Subnets From Dhcp ServiceSetting the DNS Server for a Dhcp Subnet To set Ldap options for a subnet Setting Ldap Options for a SubnetSetting Wins Options for a Subnet Viewing the Dhcp Status Overview Monitoring Dhcp ServiceDisabling Subnets Temporarily Viewing the Dhcp Client List Setting the Log Detail Level for Dhcp ServiceViewing Dhcp Log Entries Where to Find More Information DNS Service Setting Up DNS Service for the First Time Before You Set Up DNS ServiceSetting Up Multiple Name Servers DNS and BindLearn and plan Set up a mail exchange MX record optional Configure basic DNS settingsConfigure the reverse lookup zone optional Start DNS serviceStarting and Stopping DNS Service Managing DNS ServiceEnabling or Disabling Zone Transfers Enabling or Disabling RecursionAdding a Master Zone Managing ZonesTo add a slave zone Adding a Slave ZoneTo add a master zone Duplicating a Zone Adding a Forward ZoneTo add a forward zone To duplicate a zoneModifying a Zone Managing RecordsDeleting a Zone To modify a zoneTo add a record Adding a Record to a ZoneDeleting a Record From a Zone Modifying a Record in a ZoneTo modify a record To delete a recordViewing DNS Service Activity Viewing DNS Service StatusMonitoring DNS Viewing DNS Log EntriesTo change the log detail level Changing DNS Log File LocationViewing DNS Usage Statistics DNS Spoofing Securing the DNS ServerServer Mining To see DNS usage statisticsDenial-of-Service DoS DNS Service ProfilingTo specify zone transfer IP addresses To alter BIND’s version responseService Piggybacking Example.com Common Network Administration Tasks That Use DNS ServiceSetting Up MX Records To enable MX records Configuring DNS for Mail ServiceEnabling Redundant Mail Servers Edit the MX record of the primary mail serverTo enable backup or redundant mail servers Setting Up Namespace Behind a NAT RouterNetwork Load Distribution aka Round Robin Setting Up a Private TCP/IP NetworkWhat Is BIND? Configuring Bind Using the Command LineHosting Several Internet Services With a Single IP Address Bind on Mac OS X Server Bind Configuration FilePractical Example Zone Data FilesConfiguring Clients Setting Up Sample Configuration FilesTo set up the sample files Check Your Configuration Using DNS With Dynamically Assigned IP AddressesIf you are using Mac OS X Server as your Dhcp Server Request For Comment Documents For more information on DNS and BIND, see the followingPage IP Firewall Service IP Firewall Service Understanding Firewall Filters What is a Filter?IP Address Subnet MaskCidr Multiple IP Addresses Using Address RangesRule Mechanism and Precedence Start firewall service Setting Up Firewall Service for the First TimeCreate an IP address group that filters will apply to Add filters to the IP filter listStarting and Stopping Firewall Service Managing Firewall ServiceOpening the Firewall for Standard Services Save firewall service changesTo create an address group To open the firewall for standard servicesCreating an Address Group Duplicating an Address Group Editing or Deleting an Address GroupCreating an Advanced IP Filter for TCP ports To edit or delete an address groupTo create an IP filter for TCP ports Creating an Advanced IP Filter for UDP PortsTo create an IP filter for UDP ports NFSTo change the Default setting Changing the Default FilterEditing Advanced IP Filters To edit advanced IP filtersSetting Up Logs for Firewall Service Monitoring Firewall ServiceViewing the Firewall Status Overview Viewing the Firewall LogViewing Packets Logged by Filter Rules Viewing Denied PacketsLog Example To view denied packetsPractical Examples Block Access to Internet UsersBlock Junk Mail To do thisAllow a Customer to Access the Apple File Server Controlling or Enabling Peer-to-Peer Network Usage Preventing Denial-of-Service DoS AttacksTo prevent ping denial-of-service attacks Background Advanced ConfigurationControlling or Enabling Network Game Usage Creating IP Filter Rules Using ipfw PrecautionsCreating IP Filter Rules Reviewing IP Filter RulesDeleting IP Filter Rules Port ReferencePptp VPN UDP port Used for Reference For more information about ipfw To start NAT service NAT ServiceStarting and Stopping NAT Service Monitoring NAT Service Configuring NAT ServiceTo configure NAT service Viewing the NAT Status OverviewFor more information about natd To view the NAT divert logPage VPN Service VPN and Security Authentication MethodTransport Protocols Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PptpManaging VPN Service Before You Set Up VPN ServiceStarting or Stopping VPN Service Enabling and Configuring L2TP Transport ProtocolTo enable Pptp Enabling and Configuring Pptp Transport ProtocolTo enable L2TP Configuring VPN Network Routing Definitions Configuring Additional Network Settings for VPN ClientsTo configure addition network settings To set routing definitionsSetting the Log Detail Level for VPN Service Monitoring VPN ServiceSetting the VPN Log Archive Interval Viewing a VPN Status OverviewViewing VPN Client Connections Viewing the VPN LogTo view the log To view client connectionsPage How NTP Works NTP ServiceTo set up NTP service Using NTP on Your NetworkSetting Up NTP Service To configure NTP on clients Configuring NTP on ClientsPage IPv6 Support IPv6 Addresses in the Server Admin IPv6 Enabled ServicesIPv6 Addresses NotationIPv6 Address Types IPv6 Reserved AddressesIPv6 Addressing Model Where to Find More Information Glossary GlossaryGlossary Glossary Name server See DNS Domain Name System Search path See search policy UCE unsolicited commercial email See spam Glossary Page Index Dhcp VPN

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