Apple 034-2351_Cvr manual Securing the DNS Server, DNS Spoofing, Server Mining

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To see DNS usage statistics:

1In Server Admin, choose DNS in the Computer & Services list.

2Click Activity to view operations currently in progress and usage statistics.

Securing the DNS Server

DNS servers are targeted by malicious computer users (commonly called “hackers”) in addition to other legitimate Internet servers. There are several kinds of attacks that DNS servers are susceptible to. By taking extra precautions, you can prevent the problems and downtime associated with malicious users. There are several kinds of security hacks associated with DNS service. They’re:

•DNS Spoofing.

•Server Mining.

•DNS Service Profiling.

•Denial-of-Service (DoS).

•Service Piggybacking.

DNS Spoofing

DNS spoofing is adding false data into the DNS Server’s cache. This allows hackers to do any of the following:

•Redirect real domain name queries to alternative IP Addresses.

For example, a falsified A record for a bank could point a computer user’s browser to a different IP address that is controlled by the hacker. A duplicate website could fool him or her into giving their bank account numbers and passwords to the hacker unintentionally.

Also, a falsified mail record could allow a hacker to intercept mail sent to or from a domain. If the hacker also forwards those emails to the correct mail server after copying them, this can go undetected indefinitely.

•Prevent proper domain name resolution and access to the Internet.

This is the most benign of DNS spoof attacks. It merely makes a DNS server appear to be malfunctioning.

The most effective method to guard against these attacks is vigilance. This includes maintaining up-to-date software as well as auditing your DNS records regularly. As exploits are found in the current version of BIND, the exploit is patched and a Security Update is made available for Mac OS X Server. Apply all such security patches. Regular audits of your DNS records is also valuable to prevent these attacks.

Server Mining

Server mining is the practice of getting a copy of a complete master zone by requesting a zone transfer. In this case, a hacker pretends to be a slave zone to another master zone and requests a copy of all of the master zone’s records.

Chapter 2 DNS Service

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Contents Mac OS X Server Network Services Administration 034-2351/9-20-03 Contents Glossary Index How to Use This Guide Using This GuideWhat’s Included in This Guide Setting Up Mac OS X Server for the First Time Getting Help for Everyday Management TasksGetting Additional Information Dhcp Service Before You Set Up Dhcp ServiceAssigning IP Addresses Dynamically Using Static IP AddressesCreating Subnets Locating the Dhcp ServerInteracting With Other Dhcp Servers Setting Up Dhcp Service for the First TimeUsing Multiple Dhcp Servers on a Network Assigning Reserved IP AddressesCreating Subnets in Dhcp Service Managing Dhcp ServiceStarting and Stopping Dhcp Service Set up logs for Dhcp serviceChanging Subnet Settings in Dhcp Service To change subnet settingsDeleting Subnets From Dhcp Service Setting the DNS Server for a Dhcp SubnetChanging IP Address Lease Times for a Subnet Setting Ldap Options for a Subnet Setting Wins Options for a SubnetTo set Ldap options for a subnet Monitoring Dhcp Service Disabling Subnets TemporarilyViewing the Dhcp Status Overview Setting the Log Detail Level for Dhcp Service Viewing Dhcp Log EntriesViewing the Dhcp Client List Where to Find More Information DNS Service Setting Up Multiple Name Servers Before You Set Up DNS ServiceSetting Up DNS Service for the First Time DNS and BindLearn and plan Configure the reverse lookup zone optional Configure basic DNS settingsSet up a mail exchange MX record optional Start DNS serviceEnabling or Disabling Zone Transfers Managing DNS ServiceStarting and Stopping DNS Service Enabling or Disabling RecursionManaging Zones Adding a Master ZoneAdding a Slave Zone To add a master zoneTo add a slave zone To add a forward zone Adding a Forward ZoneDuplicating a Zone To duplicate a zoneDeleting a Zone Managing RecordsModifying a Zone To modify a zoneAdding a Record to a Zone To add a recordTo modify a record Modifying a Record in a ZoneDeleting a Record From a Zone To delete a recordMonitoring DNS Viewing DNS Service StatusViewing DNS Service Activity Viewing DNS Log EntriesChanging DNS Log File Location Viewing DNS Usage StatisticsTo change the log detail level Server Mining Securing the DNS ServerDNS Spoofing To see DNS usage statisticsTo specify zone transfer IP addresses DNS Service ProfilingDenial-of-Service DoS To alter BIND’s version responseService Piggybacking Common Network Administration Tasks That Use DNS Service Setting Up MX RecordsExample.com Enabling Redundant Mail Servers Configuring DNS for Mail ServiceTo enable MX records Edit the MX record of the primary mail serverSetting Up Namespace Behind a NAT Router To enable backup or redundant mail serversSetting Up a Private TCP/IP Network Network Load Distribution aka Round RobinConfiguring Bind Using the Command Line Hosting Several Internet Services With a Single IP AddressWhat Is BIND? Practical Example Bind Configuration FileBind on Mac OS X Server Zone Data FilesSetting Up Sample Configuration Files To set up the sample filesConfiguring Clients Using DNS With Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses If you are using Mac OS X Server as your Dhcp ServerCheck Your Configuration For more information on DNS and BIND, see the following Request For Comment DocumentsPage IP Firewall Service IP Firewall Service IP Address What is a Filter?Understanding Firewall Filters Subnet MaskCidr Using Address Ranges Rule Mechanism and PrecedenceMultiple IP Addresses Create an IP address group that filters will apply to Setting Up Firewall Service for the First TimeStart firewall service Add filters to the IP filter listOpening the Firewall for Standard Services Managing Firewall ServiceStarting and Stopping Firewall Service Save firewall service changesTo open the firewall for standard services Creating an Address GroupTo create an address group Creating an Advanced IP Filter for TCP ports Editing or Deleting an Address GroupDuplicating an Address Group To edit or delete an address groupCreating an Advanced IP Filter for UDP Ports To create an IP filter for TCP portsNFS To create an IP filter for UDP portsEditing Advanced IP Filters Changing the Default FilterTo change the Default setting To edit advanced IP filtersViewing the Firewall Status Overview Monitoring Firewall ServiceSetting Up Logs for Firewall Service Viewing the Firewall LogLog Example Viewing Denied PacketsViewing Packets Logged by Filter Rules To view denied packetsBlock Junk Mail Block Access to Internet UsersPractical Examples To do thisAllow a Customer to Access the Apple File Server Preventing Denial-of-Service DoS Attacks To prevent ping denial-of-service attacksControlling or Enabling Peer-to-Peer Network Usage Advanced Configuration Controlling or Enabling Network Game UsageBackground Precautions Creating IP Filter Rules Using ipfwReviewing IP Filter Rules Creating IP Filter RulesPort Reference Deleting IP Filter RulesPptp VPN UDP port Used for Reference For more information about ipfw NAT Service Starting and Stopping NAT ServiceTo start NAT service To configure NAT service Configuring NAT ServiceMonitoring NAT Service Viewing the NAT Status OverviewTo view the NAT divert log For more information about natdPage VPN Service Transport Protocols Authentication MethodVPN and Security Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PptpStarting or Stopping VPN Service Before You Set Up VPN ServiceManaging VPN Service Enabling and Configuring L2TP Transport ProtocolEnabling and Configuring Pptp Transport Protocol To enable L2TPTo enable Pptp To configure addition network settings Configuring Additional Network Settings for VPN ClientsConfiguring VPN Network Routing Definitions To set routing definitionsSetting the VPN Log Archive Interval Monitoring VPN ServiceSetting the Log Detail Level for VPN Service Viewing a VPN Status OverviewTo view the log Viewing the VPN LogViewing VPN Client Connections To view client connectionsPage NTP Service How NTP WorksUsing NTP on Your Network Setting Up NTP ServiceTo set up NTP service Configuring NTP on Clients To configure NTP on clientsPage IPv6 Support IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Enabled ServicesIPv6 Addresses in the Server Admin NotationIPv6 Reserved Addresses IPv6 Addressing ModelIPv6 Address Types Where to Find More Information Glossary GlossaryGlossary Glossary Name server See DNS Domain Name System Search path See search policy UCE unsolicited commercial email See spam Glossary Page Index Dhcp VPN

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