AXIS 215 PTZ/AXIS 215 PTZ-E - Video and Audio Streams
9
MPEG-4 protocols and communication methods
To deliver live streaming video over IP networks, various combinations of transport protocols and broadcast
methods are employed.
• RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol) is a protocol that allows programs to manage the real-time transmission of
multimedia data, via unicast or multicast.
• RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) serves as a control protocol, to negotiate which transport protocol to
use for the stream. RTSP is thus used by a viewing client to start a unicast session, see below.
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a communications protocol that offers limited service for exchanging data
in a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). UDP is an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP). The advantage of UDP is that it is not required to deliver all data and may drop network packets when
there is e.g. network congestion. This is suitable for live video, as there is no point in re-transmitting old
information that will not be displayed anyway.
• Unicasting is communication between a single sender and a single receiver over a network. This means that
the video stream goes independently to each user, and each user gets their own stream. A benefit of unicast-
ing is that if one stream fails, it only affects one user.
• Multicast is bandwidth-conserving technology that reduces bandwidth usage by simultaneously delivering a
single stream of information to multiple network users. This technology is used primarily on delimited net-
works (intranets), as each user needs an uninterrupted data flow and should not rely on network routers.
AXIS Media Control
For accessing live video (MPEG-4 and/or Motion JPEG) and audio from AXIS 215 PTZ/AXIS 215 PTZ-E, the
AXIS Media Control (AMC) in Microsoft Internet Explorer for Windows is recommended. This ActiveX
component is automatically installed on first use, after which it can be configured by opening the AMC Control
Panel applet from the Windows Control Panel. Alternatively, right-click the video image in Internet Explorer.
See AXIS Media Control User’s Manual, available from the support pages on the Axis web site at: www.axis.com
Note: AXIS 215 PTZ-E does not support audio and does not have I/O ports.
How to stream MPEG-4
Deciding on the combination of protocols and methods to use depends on your viewing requirements, and on
the properties of your network. Setting the preferred method(s) is done in the control applet for AMC, which is
found in the Windows Control Panel. When this has been set, AMC will test all the selected methods in the
specified order, until the first functioning one is found.
RTP+RTSP
This method (actually RTP over UDP and RTSP over TCP) should be your first consideration for live video,
especially when it is important to always have an up-to-date video stream, even if some images do get dropped.
This can be configured as multicast or unicast.
Multicasting provides the most efficient usage of bandwidth, especially when there are large numbers of clients
viewing simultaneously. Note however, that a multicast broadcast cannot pass a network router unless the
router is configured to allow this. It is thus not possible to multicast over e.g. the Internet.
Unicasting should be used for video-on-demand broadcasting, so that there is no video traffic on the network
until a client connects and requests the stream. However, as more and more unicast clients connect, the traffic
on the network will increase and may cause congestion. Although there is a maximum of 20 unicast viewers,
note that all multicast users combined count as 1 unicast viewer.
RTP/RTSP
This unicast method is RTP tunneled over RTSP. This can be used to exploit the fact that it is relatively simple to
configure firewalls to allow RTSP traffic.
RTP/RTSP/HTTP
This method can also be used to traverse firewalls. Firewalls are commonly configured to allow the HTTP
protocol, thus allowing RTP to be tunneled.