8.4.3 Certificate-based authentication

An alternative form of directory authentication involves using digital certificates to bind to the directory. The directory prompts users for a password when they first access it. However, rather than matching a password stored in the directory, the password opens the user's certificate database.

If the user supplies the correct password, the directory client application obtains authentication information from the certificate database. The client application and the directory then use this information to identify the user by mapping the user's certificate to a directory DN. The directory allows or denies access based on the directory DN identified during this authentication process.

For more information about certificates and SSL, see the Administrator's Guide.

8.4.4 Simple password over SSL/TLS

When a secure connection is established between Directory Server and a client application using SSL or the Start TLS operation, the server can demand an extra level of authentication by requesting a password. In such cases, the password is not transmitted in plain text.

For more information about SSL, see “Securing server to server connections”. For information about the Start TLS operation, refer to the Administrator's Guide.

8.4.5 Simple authentication and security layer

A method for adding authentication support to connection-based protocols. Especially useful in conjunction with Kerberos, allow the use of Kerberos credentials to authenticate to the directory.

8.4.6 Proxy authentication

Proxy authentication is a special form of authentication because the user requesting access to the directory does not bind with its own DN but with a proxy DN.

The proxy DN is an entity that has appropriate rights to perform the operation requested by the user. When proxy rights are granted to a person or an application, they are granted the right to specify any DN as a proxy DN, with the exception of the Directory Manager DN.

One of the main advantages of proxy right is that an LDAP application can be enabled to use a single thread with a single bind to service multiple users making requests against the Directory Server. Instead of having to bind and authenticate for each user, the client application binds to the Directory Server using a proxy DN.

The proxy DN is specified in the LDAP operation submitted by the client application. For example:

ldapmodify -D "cn=directory manager" -w secret -p 389 \

-D "cn=directory manager" -w secret -p 389 -h server.example.com \

-Y "cn=joe, dc=example,dc=com" -f mods.ldif

This ldapmodify command gives the manager entry (cn=Directory Manager) the permissions of a user named Joe (cn=joe) to apply the modifications in the mods.ldif file. The manager does not need to provide Joe's password to make this change.

108 Designing a secure directory

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HP UX Direry Server manual Certificate-based authentication, Simple password over SSL/TLS, Proxy authentication
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UX Direry Server specifications

HP UX Directory Server is a robust and scalable solution designed for managing directory information within enterprise networks. Developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP), this server offers an extensive set of features tailored to meet the needs of organizations that require an efficient way to store, manage, and retrieve identity and access data.

One of the key features of HP UX Directory Server is its ability to handle large directories with significant volumes of data. Built on a highly optimized architecture, it provides excellent performance and can support millions of entries without sacrificing speed or reliability. This capability makes it an ideal choice for large-scale deployments in enterprises that require high availability and responsiveness.

In addition to its scalability, HP UX Directory Server supports a wide range of protocols, including LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), which ensures seamless integration with diverse applications and systems across various platforms. The server maintains standards compliance, which facilitates interoperability and simplifies administration tasks.

Security is a top priority for HP UX Directory Server, offering an array of features to protect sensitive information. It supports secure data transmission via TLS/SSL protocols, ensuring encrypted communication between clients and servers. Advanced access controls allow administrators to define fine-grained permissions, helping to safeguard directory data against unauthorized access.

Another salient feature of HP UX Directory Server is its replication capabilities. The server can replicate directory data across multiple instances, ensuring data consistency and availability in distributed environments. This feature is essential for businesses operating across different geographical locations or requiring failover solutions for disaster recovery.

HP UX Directory Server also comes equipped with tools for data management, including an intuitive administration console for configuring and monitoring the server. Additionally, it offers customizable schema capabilities, enabling organizations to tailor the directory structure to fit their specific needs.

Integration with existing identity management solutions is streamlined through connectors and APIs, allowing organizations to extend their directory services and enhance user experience.

In summary, HP UX Directory Server is a powerful directory management solution that combines scalability, security, and integration flexibility. Its support for industry standards, advanced replication, and comprehensive administrative tools makes it an essential asset for organizations seeking to manage identity and access efficiently. By leveraging this technology, businesses can improve their operational efficiency and ensure a secure and organized approach to directory management.
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