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memory channels on a socket have the same amount of memory.

A memory rank is simply a segment of memory that is addressed by a specific address bit. DIMMs typically have 1, 2 or 4 memory ranks, as indicated by their size designation.

A typical memory DIMM description is 2GB 4Rx8 DIMM

The 4R designator is the rank count for this particular DIMM (R for rank = 4)

The x8 designator is the data width of the rank

It is important to ensure that DIMMs with appropriate number of ranks are populated in each channel for optimal performance. Whenever possible, it is recommended to use dual-rank DIMMs in the system. Dual-rank DIMMs offer better interleaving and hence better performance than single-rank DIMMs. For instance, a system populated with six 2GB dual-rank DIMMs outperforms a system populated with six 2GB single-rank DIMMs by 7% for SPECjbb2005. Dual-rank DIMMs are also better than quad-rank DIMMs because quad-rank DIMMs will cause the memory speed to be down-clocked.

Another important guideline is to populate equivalent ranks per channel. For instance, mixing one single- rank DIMM and one dual-rank DIMM in a channel should be avoided.

Note: It is important to ensure that all three memory channels in each processor are populated. The relative memory bandwidth decreases as the number of channels populated decreases. This is because the bandwidth of all the memory channels is utilized to support the capability of the processor. So, as the channels are decreased, the burden to support the requisite bandwidth is increased on the remaining channels, causing them to become a bottleneck.

For increased availability, the x3400 M2 offers an additional (but mutually exclusive) level of IBM Active

Memory protection: online memory mirroring.

Memory mirroring works much like disk mirroring. The total memory is divided into two channels. Data is written concurrently to both channels. If a DIMM fails in one of the DIMMs in the primary channel, it is instantly disabled and the mirrored (backup) memory in the other channel becomes active (primary) until the failing DIMM is replaced. One-half of total memory is available for use with mirroring enabled. (Note: Due to the double writes to memory, performance is affected.)

Mirroring is handled at the hardware level; no operating system support is required.

DDR-3 memory is available in 1GB, 2GB, 4GB and 8GB DIMMs. DIMMs are installed individually (not in pairs).

Hot-Swap/Redundant Components

System availability is maximized through the extensive use of hot-swap and redundant components, including:

Redundant memory protection (with memory mirroring enabled) and Chipkill protection

Hot-swap, redundant hard disk drives (with RAID-1/10 protection standard, and RAID-1E/5/6 protection optional)

Large HDD Storage Capacity

The x3400 M2 offers a choice of disk storage, supporting up to four 3.5-inch hot-swapor simple-swapSerial ATA (SATA) drives, four 3.5-inch hot-swaphigh-performance Serial-Attach SCSI (SAS) drives or eight 2.5-inch hot-swap SAS drives:

3.5-inch SAS

15,000 RPMs — 73.4, 146.8, or 300GB (2.4TB maximum)

2.5-inch SAS

10,000 RPMs — 146.8 or 300GB (2.4TB)

15,000 RPMs — 73.4 or 146.8GB (1.17TB)

3.5-inchSATA—Hot-Swap

10K RPMs — 160, 250, 500, 750GB or 1TB (4.0TB)

3.5-inchSATA—Simple-Swap

10K RPMs — 160, 250, 500 or 750GB (3.0TB)

Notes: Hot-swap and simple-swap SATA drives offer exactly the same reliability as fixed SATA drives. Only the system availability improves using the swappable drives. (Less downtime is incurred removing and installing the drives.) Hot-swap SAS drives use the Converged Tray for interchangeability with other IBM System xsystems.

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IBM X3400 M2 specifications Hot-Swap/Redundant Components, Large HDD Storage Capacity, Inch SAS, InchSATA-Simple-Swap