M-Audio 49i NRPN/RPNs

KeyStudio 49i User Guide

You will ﬁnd many MIDI devices respond to program change c ommands and many are organized according to the G M listing In

General MIDI devices, dif ferent sounds are organized in the same way from devic e to device Piano sounds are in their parti cular

place, string sounds are in their place, drum so unds are in their place, and so on All GM devi ces (both hardware and softwar e

sound modules) are clearly labeled a s such, so you know that their sounds are organized i n the General MIDI structure Wh en a GM

device receives a MIDI program chang e, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from th e GM sound set All non-GM MID I sound

modules call up unique sounds from their memor y upon receiving MIDI progr am changes Since the sounds in a non- GM device are

not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the d evice itself to see which sound you want and at which loc ation in

the memory it resides Many VST instrum ents such as Native Instruments’ FM7 or the synth modul es in Propellerhead Reason are

non-GM devices

You can send Program Change, Bank LSB and Bank MSB me ssages directly from the KeyStudio keyboard P lease consult the

“Advanced KeyStudio 49i Features in Edit Mode“ section of this User Gui de for further details

NRPN/RPNs

Non-registered parameter numbers ( NRPN’s) are device-speciﬁc m essages that enable you to control synthesizer s and sound

modules via MIDI The MID I speciﬁcation deﬁnes open para meter numbers to allow manufacturers to specif y their own controllers

The more common of these are registered by the MI DI Manufacturer’s Association and are n ow part of the MIDI speciﬁcati on (hence

the term Registered Parameter Numbers – RPN ’s) (See Appendix C) E ach NRPN/RPN ha s an associated 2-byte number The

two bytes allow for 128 values each (An RPN or NRPN mess age is made up of two parts: the MSB and th e LSB message Both of

these messages together constitute an RPN or NR PN command ) This allows for 16,384 values i n total

MIDI controllers 98 and 99 represent t he NRPN LSB and MSB respectivel y, while 100 and 101 represent the RPN LSB and MSB

messages (see the MIDI control lers list in Appendix C) To transmit an NR PN/RPN message , these LSB and MSB controller

messages are sent along with their user-speciﬁ ed values A further controller mes sage and value needs to be sent to specify the

(coarse or ﬁne) value adjustment T his is speciﬁed by controller number 6 ( data entry) for coarse adjustments or nu mber 38 for ﬁne

adjustments

A list of NRPN’s is usually given in the user’s manual of any devi ce that receives NRPN messages It is always necessary that the

NRPN MSB and LSB be sent together Both will be speci ﬁed in the device’s manual