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Pentax Calculating Shooting Distance from Aperture Value, Calculating Aperture Value from Shooting Distance

Models: 10874 10883 10894 10905 10916 10928 10939 10950 10961 10974 10985 10997 11008 K-50

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Flash

Distance and Aperture when Using the Built-in Flash

Relationships among the guide number, aperture and distance must be considered when shooting with the flash to obtain a correct exposure. Calculate the shooting distance or aperture value in the following way, and adjust the shooting conditions if the flash output is not sufficient.

	ISO Sensitivity	Built-in Flash	ISO Sensitivity	Built-in Flash
	ISO Sensitivity	Guide Number	ISO Sensitivity	Guide Number
		Guide Number		Guide Number
	ISO 100	Approx. 12	ISO 3200	Approx. 68
	ISO 200	Approx. 17	ISO 6400	Approx. 96
	ISO 400	Approx. 24	ISO 12800	Approx. 136
	ISO 800	Approx. 34	ISO 25600	Approx. 192
	ISO 1600	Approx. 48	ISO 51200	Approx. 272

Calculating Shooting Distance from Aperture Value

The following equation calculates the effective distance of the flash.

Maximum flash distance L1 = Guide number ÷ Aperture value Minimum flash distance L2 = Maximum flash distance ÷ 5 *

*The value used in the formula above is a fixed value which applies only when using the built-in flash alone.

Example:

When the sensitivity is ISO 200 and the aperture value is F5.6:

L1 = 17 ÷ 5.6 = approx. 3 (m)

L2 = 3 ÷ 5 = approx. 0.6 (m)

Therefore, the flash can be used in a range of about 0.6 m to 3 m. However, the built-in flash in this camera cannot be used when the distance is 0.7 m or less. When the flash is used at distances closer than 0.7 m, it causes vignetting in the picture corners, light is distributed unevenly and the picture may be overexposed.

Calculating Aperture Value from Shooting Distance

The following equation calculates the correct aperture value. Aperture value F = Guide number ÷ Shooting distance

Example:

When the sensitivity is ISO 200 and the shooting distance is 4 m: F = 17 ÷ 4 = approx. 4.2

If the resulting number (4.2, in the above example) is not available as a lens aperture, a smaller number that is closest (4.0, in the above example) is generally used.

Contents

Operating Manual Page For Using Your Camera Safely About the Battery Charger and AC Adapter About the Rechargeable Lithium-ionBattery About the Usage of AA Batteries Care to be Taken During Handling About the Battery and Charger Precautions on Carrying and Using Your Camera Cleaning Your Camera Storing Your Camera About SD Memory Cards About Eye-FiCards Page Page Contents Before Using Your Camera Getting Started Basic Operations Shooting Functions Shooting Settings Playback Functions and Image Editing Changing Additional Settings Connecting to a Computer Using the Flash Appendix Composition of the Operating Manual Page 1 Before Using Your Camera Checking the Contents of the Package Names and Functions of the Working Parts 18Checking the Contents of the Package Names and Functions of the Working Parts Capture Mode 5Front e-dial(R) 6Lens unlock button 7Mode dial 8E(Flash pop-up)button 9V/Ybutton Playback Mode 1m (EV Compensation) button 2Shutter release button 3Main switch 4Front e-dial(R) 5U/i(Delete) button Monitor Display Status screen 1/ 2000 F5.6 Live View Page Control panel Still picture capture mode Cmode Shooting Info Display Playback Mode Detailed Information Display Still picture Movie Page Histogram Display/RGB Histogram Display Using the Histogram Guide Indicators Viewfinder Page Electronic Level Display 38How to Change Function Settings Using the Direct Keys Using the Control Panel Using the Menus 2Press the four-waycontroller (5) twice 3Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select an item 4Press the four-waycontroller (5) 5Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select a setting 6Press the 4button 7 Press the 3button 2 Getting Started Inserting/Removing an SD Memory Card Adjusting the Viewfinder Diopter 44Attaching the Strap Inserting the Battery Using the Lithium-ionBattery 3Face the 2mark on the battery up, and insert the battery into the battery charger When the battery is fully charged, remove the battery from the battery charger Inserting/Removing the Battery 1 Slide the battery cover unlock switch in the direction of the arrow (1), and open the battery cover (2) Using the AA Batteries 2Open the battery cover Battery Level Indicator Using the AC Adapter 5Connect the DC coupler and the AC adapter 6Connect the AC adapter to the AC plug cord 7Plug the AC plug cord into the power outlet 52Inserting/Removing an SD Memory Card 4 Close the card cover (3), and then slide it in the direction of the arrow (4) 54Attaching a Lens 3Align the lens mount index (red 4 Remove the front lens cap by pushing the indicated portions inward To remove the lens 56Adjusting the Viewfinder Diopter Turning the Camera On and Off 58Initial Settings Setting the Display Language 3Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a city Setting the Date and Time Page Page 3 Basic Operations 64Basic Shooting Operation Letting the Camera Choose the Optimal Settings 2 Set the focus mode switch to l 3Look through the viewfinder to view the subject 5Press the shutter release button fully 6Review the captured image on the monitor Taking Pictures Using Live View 1Press the U/ibutton in Step 3 on p.65 68Using the Built-inFlash Setting the Flash Mode 1 Press the four-waycontroller (4) in standby mode 2Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a flash mode, and press the 4button Compensating Flash Output Press the four-waycontroller (3) in Step 2 on p.69 Turn the rear e-dial(S) Using the Built-inFlash 72Reviewing Images Playing Back Images Deleting a Single Image Page 4 Shooting Functions How to Operate the Shooting Functions Selecting the Appropriate Capture Mode Using the Shake Reduction Function to Prevent 76How to Operate the Shooting Functions Direct Keys Setting Items Rec. Mode Menu Items Page Movie Menu Items Custom Setting Menu Items Page 82Selecting the Appropriate Capture Mode Auto Picture Modes Scene Modes Selecting a Scene Mode 1Set the mode dial to H 2Press the Mbutton Exposure Modes Setting the Exposure Setting the Sensitivity Page Changing the Exposure Mode 2Turn the rear e-dial(S) 3Turn the front e-dial(R) Bulb Shooting 1Set the mode dial to p(Bulb) 2Press the shutter release button 3Take your finger off the shutter release button Adjusting the Exposure Changing the Exposure Automatically when Shooting (Exposure Bracketing) 1Press the four-waycontroller (5) in standby mode 2Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select l Press the four-waycontroller (3), and set the bracket value 4 Press the 4button 6Press the shutter release button fully Locking the Exposure Before Shooting (AE Lock) Selecting the Metering Method Reducing the Image Noise (Noise Reduction) Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select a sensitivity value, and use the four-waycontroller (45) to set the level of noise reduction which is applied to the selected Page Focusing Setting the Focus Mode Autofocus Modes when Shooting with the Viewfinder Page Selecting the Focusing Point (AF Point) Selecting the Desired Focusing Point 1Select Sin Step 3 on p.104, and press the 4button 2Press the 3button or the shutter release button halfway 3 Select the desired AF point Setting the Contrast AF during Live View Page Selecting the Desired Focusing Area 1Select Gin Step 3 on p.106, and press the 4button 3Press the U/ibutton 5Select the AF area Checking the Focus Adjusting the Focus Manually (Manual Focus) Focusing Using Live View 2While viewing the monitor, turn the focusing ring 3When it is difficult to check the focus, press the 4 button 4Press the 4button or the shutter release button halfway AF Fine Adjustment Shooting in Catch-inFocus Mode 114Checking the Depth of Field (Preview) Displaying the Optical Preview Displaying the Digital Preview 116Using the Shake Reduction Function to Prevent Camera Shake Taking Pictures Using the Shake Reduction Function 3Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Qor R, and press the 4button 4Press the shutter release button halfway Select [Horizon Correction] in the [ARec. Mode 3] menu Correcting the Tilt of the Images 2Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select P(Off) or O(On) 4Aim the camera at the subject, and press the shutter release button halfway Shooting with the Self-timer 6Press the shutter release button fully Shooting with a Remote Control Unit (Optional) 6Point the remote control unit towards the remote control receiver on the front of the camera, and press the shutter release button on the remote Taking Pictures Continuously Continuous Shooting Page Interval Shooting 11Press the shutter release button halfway 12Press the shutter release button fully Page Multi-exposure 6Take the picture 130Recording Movies Changing the Settings for Movie Recording 5Select [Recorded Pixels] 6Select [Framerate] 7Set [Quality Level] to [C], [D], or [E] 8Press the 3button 11Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select Qor R, and press the 4button Recording Movies Page Interval Movie Page Playing Back Movies Capturing a Still Picture from a Movie 1Press the four-waycontroller (2) in Step 2 on p.136 to pause the movie 3Press the m button 4Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as], and press the 4button Editing Movies 7Press the 3button 8Press the 4button 9Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as], and press the 4button Page 5 Shooting Settings Customizing the Button/E-dialFunctions Saving Frequently Used Settings 142Setting a File Format File Format JPEG Recorded Pixels JPEG Quality Color Space Setting the White Balance 1Press the four-waycontroller (3) in standby mode 2Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select the white balance 3Press the Mbutton 4Fine-tunethe white balance Adjusting the White Balance Manually 7Press the 4button Saving the White Balance Settings of a Captured Image 1Press the four-waycontroller (3) in the single image display of playback mode 3Turn the front e-dial(R) to select an image Adjusting the White Balance with Color Temperature 150Correcting Images Brightness Adjustment High Dynamic Range Image Capture 2Press the four-waycontroller 6Press the 3button twice Lens Correction 1 Press the Mbutton in standby mode to select [Off] or [On] Composition Adjustment Page Setting the Image Finishing Tone Custom Image 3Use the four-waycontroller (2345) to select an image finishing tone 4Press the Mbutton to choose the parameter you want to change 6Use the four-waycontroller (45) to adjust the parameter’s value Saving the Cross Processing Settings of a Captured Image 3Turn the front e-dial(R) to select a cross processed image Digital Filter 3Use the four-waycontroller (2345) to select a filter to select a parameter, and use the four-waycontroller (45) to adjust the value Page 164Customizing the Button/E-dialFunctions Setting the E-dialsOperation Page Page Setting the V/YButton Operation 4Press the 3button three times Setting the One Push File Format 1Select [One Push File Format] in Step 3 on p.167 3Use the four-waycontroller (23) to choose a file format 4Press the four-waycontroller Setting the =/LButton Operation 170Saving Frequently Used Settings Saving the Settings 5Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Save], and press the 4button Editing a Setting Name Select [Rename USER Mode] in Step 3 of “Saving the Settings”, and press the Page Checking the Saved USER Settings Using Saved USER Settings Resetting to Default Settings 6 Playback Functions and Image Editing How to Operate the Playback/Edit Setting the Playback Display Method 176How to Operate the Playback/Edit Functions Playback Mode Palette Items Playback Menu Items 178Setting the Playback Display Method Selecting the Playback Functions Magnifying Images Displaying Multiple Images Changing the Multiple Image Display Style 1Press the Mbutton in Step 1 on p.180 (2345) to select the display style 4/9/16/36/81 Thumbnail Display Calendar Filmstrip Display Page Playing Back Images Continuously Starting the Slideshow Select [Start] in Step 2 on p.183, and press the Rotating Images 186Deleting Multiple Images Deleting Selected Images Deleting a Folder Deleting All Images Processing Images Changing the Number of Recorded Pixels (Resize) Cutting Out Part of the Image (Cropping) Processing Images with Digital Filters Page to select a parameter and the four-waycontroller (45) to Recreating Filter Effects 1Select a filter-processedimage in the single image display 2Select D (Digital Filter) in the playback mode palette, and press the 4button 4To check the parameter details, press the Mbutton 7Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as], and press the 4button Joining Multiple Images (Index) Page 198Developing RAW Images Developing One RAW Image 5Use the four-waycontroller (45) to change the value Developing Multiple RAW Images 5Use the four-waycontroller (2345) to set [JPEG Recorded Pixels] and [JPEG Quality] 202Connecting the Camera to an AV Device Connecting the Camera to a Video Input Terminal Setting the Video Output Format Page 7 Changing Additional Settings 206How to Operate the Set-upMenu Set-upMenu Items Page 208Camera Settings Setting the Sound Effects, Date and Time, and Display Language Setting the World Time Select [World Time] in the 4Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a destination city Page List of World Time Cities Setting the Monitor and the Menu Displays Page Page Setting the Initial Menu Tab to be Displayed Select [19. Save Menu Location] in the Select [Pixel Mapping] in the Battery Settings Selecting Settings to Save in the Camera (Memory) 3Press the 3button twice Resetting the Camera Settings Checking the Camera Version Information File Management Settings Formatting an SD Memory Card Protecting Images from Deletion (Protect) Setting the Naming System of the Folder Creating New Folders Setting the File Name Setting the Photographer Information Page Using an Eye-FiCard Transferring Selected Images Select the image(s) to transfer 6Press the Mbutton 7Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Transfer], and press the 4button Setting the DPOF Settings 6Press the Mbutton to select Por Ofor printing the date 8 Connecting to a Computer Manipulating Captured Images on a 234Manipulating Captured Images on a Computer Saving Images on a Computer Setting the USB Connection Mode Connecting the Camera and a Computer Using the Provided Software Installing the Software 3 Click [SILKYPIX Developer Studio 3.0 LE] Regarding User Registration Page 9 Using the Flash Using an External Flash (Optional) 242Using the Built-inFlash Flash Characteristics in Each Exposure Mode Using the Slow-speedSync Flash Using e/K/cMode 1Set the mode dial to e, Kor c 2Press the Ebutton 3Set the flash mode to Gor H 4Take a picture Calculating Shooting Distance from Aperture Value Calculating Aperture Value from Shooting Distance Using an External Flash (Optional) Using the P-TTLAuto Flash Using the High-speedSync Flash Using Flash in Wireless Mode Set the camera’s flash mode to r 3Press the Ebutton 4Confirm that both flashes are fully charged, and then take a picture Connecting an External Flash with an Extension Cord When combining with the built-inflash Multiple Flash Shooting Using Extension Cords When combining two external flashes Using the Contrast Control Sync Flash 10 Appendix Functions Available with Various Lens 254Default Settings Page Page [C Movie] Menu Playback Mode Palette [Q Playback] Menu [RSet-up]Menu [ACustom Setting] Menu Page Functions Available with Various Lens Combinations Lens names and mount names Lenses and accessories that cannot be used with this camera Lens and Built-inFlash Unavailable due to vignetting Available with some restrictions Setting the Focal Length Using the Aperture Ring Removing Dust by Shaking the CMOS Sensor (Dust Removal) Removing Dust with a Blower 4Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Mirror Up], and press the 4button 5 Clean the CMOS sensor 6Turn the camera off 7Attach the lens or body mount cover Using the GPS Unit Shooting Celestial Bodies (ASTROTRACER) 7Press the shutter release button fully again 272Error Messages Page Page Troubleshooting275 Page Page 278Main Specifications Page Page Page Page Page Approximate Image Storage Capacity and Playback Time Index Symbols Page Page Page Page Page Page 292WARRANTY POLICY •This warranty policy does not affect the customer’s statutory rights For customers in USA STATEMENT OF FCC COMPLIANCE For customers in Canada Pour les utilisateurs au Canada FOR CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. ONLY