RSA Security 5.2.2 manual Extra bits concatenated with a key, password, or plaintext

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology. A United States agency that produces security and cryptography related standards (as well as others); these standards are published as FIPS documents.

NSA

National Security Agency. A security- conscious U. S. government agency whose mission is to decipher and monitor foreign communications.

one-time pad

Asecret-key cipher in which the key is a truly random sequence of bits that is as long as the message itself, and encryption is performed by XORing the message with the key. This is theoretically unbreakable.

one-way function

A function that is easy to compute in one direction but quite difficult to reverse compute (compute in the opposite direction).

one-way hash function

A one-way function that takes a variable sized input and creates a fixed size output.

PBE

Password Based Encryption. Using a message digest algorithm to derive a key from a password.

PKI

Public-key Infrastructure. PKIs are designed to solve the key management problem. See also key management.

padding

Extra bits concatenated with a key, password, or plaintext.

password

A character string used as a key to control access to files or encrypt them.

PKCS

Public-key Cryptography Standards. A series of cryptographic standards dealing with public-key issues; these are published by RSA Laboratories.

plaintext

The data to be encrypted.

prime factor

A prime number that is a factor of another number is called a prime factor of that number.

prime number

Any integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself. The first twelve primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, and 37.

privacy

The state or quality of being secluded from the view and or presence of others.

private exponent

The private key in the RSA public-key cryptosystem.

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