| ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ |
| .ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ |
.ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺮﺘﺧﺍ ٣ | v d h A p (EV) ًﺎﻳﻭﺪﻳ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ |
.ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻊﻣ ﺢﺘﻓﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ • | ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ .ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﻃﺎﺳ ﺎًﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ |
| |
1 : EV | .ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ |
|
ﻉﻮﺟﺭ | ﻂﺒﺿ |
|
|
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺍ ﻆﻔﺤﻟ [o] ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﺿﺍ | ٤ | ||
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﺎًﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﻢﺘﻴﺳ ،ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﺑ ﻚﻣﺎﻴﻗ ﺩﺮﺠﻤﺑ | • |
| |
.ﻪﺼﻘﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻁﺮﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺎًﻘﺣﻻ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ | • |
| |
ﺱﻮﻗ) AE BKT ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺤﻓ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﺗ ﻢﻟ ﺍﺫﺇ |
| ||
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ .ﺱﺍﻮﻗﺄﺑ ﺔﻃﺎﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺛ ،(٧٩ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ) (ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ |
|
| |
ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻋ :ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﺻ | ٣ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺎﺑ |
|
|
(٧٨ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ) .ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،ﻞﻗﺍ |
|
| |
(+) ﻊﻄﺳﺃ | (0) ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ |
.[m] ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﺿﺍ ،ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ
.EV ← V ﻭﺃ a ﺩﺪﺣ
١
٢
٧٢ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
