TRG-TRC014-EN
Air Conditioning Clinic VAV Systems
One of the Systems Series
One of the Systems Series
VAV Systems
A publication of The Trane Company
A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic
Preface
VAV Systems
period one What Is Variable Air Volume?
Contents
period two
Components of a VAV System
TRG-TRC014-EN
What Is Variable Air Volume?
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Constant-Volume Variable-TemperatureSystem
period one
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Constant Volume-FullLoad
period one
period one
Constant Volume-PartLoad
What Is Variable Air Volume?
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Constant Volume-MultipleSpaces
Constant Volume-MultipleSpaces
period one
period one
Terminal Reheat System
What Is Variable Air Volume?
VAV-FullLoad
Variable-Air-VolumeVAV System
What Is Variable Air Volume?
period one
VAV-PartLoad
Why VAV? Energy Savings
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Why VAV?
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Why VAV? Comfort
period one
quite
period one
System Comparison
What Is Variable Air Volume?
Variable Thermal Load Profiles
VAV Building Characteristics
What Is Variable Air Volume?
period one
Common Return Air Path
Independent Space Control
What Is Variable Air Volume?
period one
Components of a VAV System
period two
Components of a VAV System
period two
Components of a VAV System
period two
VAV Terminal Units
Components of a VAV System
Single Duct, Cooling Only
period two
Single Duct, Cooling Only
period two
Space Heating with a VAV System
Components of a VAV System
primary air
VAV Reheat
Components of a VAV System
period two
Components of a VAV System
Fan-PoweredTerminal Units
period two
parallel
plenum air
Parallel, Fan-Powered
Parallel, Fan-Powered
Components of a VAV System
period two
Series, Fan-Powered
Components of a VAV System
Series, Fan-Powered
Parallel Versus Series Fan-Powered
Components of a VAV System
period two
period two
Single-DuctVAV Systems
Components of a VAV System
Components of a VAV System
Dual-Duct
period two
warm primary air cool primary air supply air
warm
Variable Air Volume to the Space
cool
Components of a VAV System
Single-Fan, Dual-DuctVAV System
Constant Air Volume to the Space
Components of a VAV System
period two
period two
Two-Fan, Dual-DuctVAV System
Components of a VAV System
Upstream Pressure Affects Airflow
VAV Terminal Unit Controls
Components of a VAV System
period two
Pressure-IndependentControl
Pressure-DependentControl
Components of a VAV System
period two
Terminal-UnitControl Technologies
Primary Airflow Measurement
Components of a VAV System
period two
period two
Pneumatic Control
Components of a VAV System
period two
Electronic Control
Components of a VAV System
period two
Direct Digital Control DDC
Components of a VAV System
period two
Components of a VAV System
Direct Digital Control DDC
Electronic pressure transducer provides pressure-independentcontrol
Components of a VAV System
Diffusers
period two
Diffusers
Components of a VAV System
Linear Slot Diffuser
period two
Coanda
period two
Ceiling-DiffuserCompatibility
Components of a VAV System
period two
Components of a VAV System
Ceiling-DiffuserCompatibility
cross T
Components of a VAV System
Supply Duct System
period two
Supply Duct System
Components of a VAV System
Duct Design
period two
Equal friction method
period two
Duct Design Recommendations
Components of a VAV System
System Configurations
System Configurations
period three
period three
Perimeter Spaces
period three
System Configurations
Perimeter Spaces
System Configurations
Baseboard Perimeter Heating
period three
heat loss 450 Btu/hr/ft
period three
Overhead Supply Perimeter Heating
System Configurations
period three
System Configurations
VAV Reheat
heat loss 250 Btu/hr/ft
Dual-DuctVAV
Fan-PoweredVAV
System Configurations
period three
Interior Spaces, Reheat Required
Interior Spaces
System Configurations
period three
Changeover/Bypass VAV System
Small Buildings
System Configurations
period three
System Configurations
System-LevelControl Modes
period three
System-LevelControl Modes
period three
Occupied Mode
System Configurations
period three
Unoccupied Mode
System Configurations
period three
Morning Warm-up/Cool-downMode
System Configurations
Fan Modulation
period four
Fan Modulation
period four
Fan Modulation
period four
System Resistance Curve
Riding the Fan Curve
Operating Point
Fan Modulation
period four
period four
Forward-CurvedCentrifugal Fan
Fan Modulation
Fan Modulation
Fan Modulation Curve
period four
Fan Modulation Curve
VAV Fan Modulation
Fan Control Loop
Fan Modulation
period four
Discharge Dampers
Fan Modulation Methods
Fan Modulation
period four
period four
Fan Modulation
Discharge Dampers
As the VAV terminal units modulate shut, the system resistance curve shifts upwards. The fan begins to “ride up” the constant-speedperformance curve, from the design operating point A, trying to reach the balance point with this new system resistance curve. As a result, the fan delivers a lower airflow at a higher static pressure
Fan Modulation
Inlet Vanes
period four
Inlet Vanes
Fan Modulation
Fan-SpeedControl
period four
Fan-SpeedControl
Fan Modulation
Variable-PitchBlade Control
period four
Variable-PitchBlade Control
period four
Fan Modulation Comparisons
Fan Modulation
Fan Outlet Static-PressureControl
Controlling System Static Pressure
Fan Modulation
period four
Fan Modulation
Supply Duct Static-PressureControl
period four
sensor located 2/3 down supply duct
Fan Modulation
Optimized Static-PressureControl
period four
sensor located
period four
Part-LoadComparison
Fan Modulation
Application Considerations
period five
period five
Application Considerations
Application Considerations
period five
System-LevelVentilation
Application Considerations
Ventilation Reset
period five
outdoor airflow
Measures to Prevent Coil Freeze-Up
Freeze Protection for Coils
Application Considerations
period five
Application Considerations
Part-LoadSpace Humidity Control
period five
Part-LoadSpace Humidity Control
period five
Part-LoadSupply Air Tempering
Application Considerations
Direct Pressurization Control
Building Pressure Control
Application Considerations
period five
A sensitive static-pressurecontroller directly compares the variations between the space static pressure and the outdoor reference static pressure. The controller modulates the capacity of a central relief fan to maintain a fixed static-pressuredifference, usually a slightly positive building pressure. The space static-pressuresensor is typically located in the lobby or near the main entrance
Application Considerations
period five
Review
period six
Review
period six
Review-PeriodTwo
period six
fan-poweredVAV terminal unit
Review
Review-PeriodFour
Review-PeriodThree
Review
period six
Review
Review-PeriodFive
period six
System-levelventilation
TRG-TRC014-EN
Review
period six
Questions for Period
Quiz
Questions for Period
Questions for Period
Questions for Period
11What method of static-pressurecontrol provides the greatest power- savings potential for a VAV system?
Quiz
TRG-TRC014-EN
Answers
Glossary
Glossary
parallel fan-poweredterminal unit A fan-poweredVAV terminal unit
supply air Conditioned air delivered to a space
Glossary
An American Standard Company
The Trane Company