WATER TERMINOLOGY

The following chemical terms are used in this Water Quality and Maintenance section. Understanding their meaning will help you to better understand the water maintenance process.

Bromamines: Compounds formed when bromine combines with nitrogen from body oils, urine, perspiration, etc. Unlike chloramines, bromamines have no pungent odor and are effective sanitizers.

Bromine: A halogen sanitizer (in the same chemical family as chlorine). Bromine is commonly used in stick, tablet, or granular form. See the DOs and DON’Ts of Spa Water Maintenance for additional information.

Calcium Hardness: The amount of dissolved calcium in the spa water. This should be approximately 150-200 ppm. High levels of calcium can cause cloudy water and scaling. Low levels can cause harm to the spa equipment.

Chloramines: Compounds formed when chlorine combines with nitrogen from body oils, urine, perspiration, etc. Chloramines can cause eye irritation as well as having a strong odor. Unlike bromamines, chloramines are weaker, slower sanitizers.

Chlorine: An efficient sanitizing chemical for spas. Watkins Manufacturing Corporation recommends the use of sodium dichlor-type granulated chlorine. This type is preferred because it is totally soluble and nearly pH neutral.

Chlorine (or Bromine) Residual: The amount of chlorine or bromine remaining after chlorine or bromine demand has been satisfied. The residual is, therefore, the amount of sanitizer which is chemically available to kill bacteria, viruses and algae.

Corrosion: The gradual wearing away of metal spa parts, usually caused by chemical action. Generally, corrosion is caused by low pH or by water with levels of TA, CH, pH or sanitizer which are outside the recommended ranges.

DPD: The preferred reagent used in test kits to measure the Free Available Chlorine.

Halogen: Any one of these five elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.

MPS: Monopersulfate is the non-chlorine oxidizer used with the FreshWaterAg+® silver ion purification system.

Oxidizer: The use of an oxidizing chemical is to prevent the buildup of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine, and improve water clarity.

Pathogen: A microorganism such as bacterium that cause disease.

pH: The measure of the spa water’s acidity and alkalinity. The recommended pH for the spa water is 7.4 to 7.6. Below 7.0 (considered neutral), the spa water is too acidic and can damage the heating system. Above 7.8, the water is too alkaline and can result in cloudy water and scale formation on the shell and heater.

ppm: The abbreviation of “parts per million”, the standard measurement of chemical concentration in water. Identical to mg/l (milligrams per liter).

Reagent: A chemical material in liquid, powder, or tablet form for use in chemical testing.

Sanitizer: Sanitizers are added and maintained at recommended residuals to protect bathers against pathogenic organisms which can cause disease and infection in spa water.

Scale: Rough calcium-bearing deposits that can coat spa surfaces, heaters, plumbing lines and clog filters. Generally, scaling is caused by mineral content combined with high pH. Additionally, scale forms more readily at higher water temperatures.

Shock Treatment: Also known as “super-chlorination” when chorine is used. Shock treatment is a process of adding significant doses of a quick dissolving sanitizer (sodium dichlor is recommended) to oxidize non-filterable organic waste and to remove chloramines and bromamines.

Total Alkalinity: The amount of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides present in spa water. Proper total alkalinity is important for pH control. If the TA is too high, the pH is difficult to adjust. If the TA is too low, the pH will be difficult to hold at the proper level. The desired range of TA in spa water is 125 to 150 ppm.

MAINTENANCE AND SPA CARE

FILTER MAINTENANCE

At least once a week, check and clean the skimmer basket and weir to ensure proper filter flow. Remove leaves, foreign matter, and debris. It is very important to keep your spa filter cartridge clean and free of particles to ensure proper water flow. A clean filter permits the hydrotherapy system to function properly and also allows more efficient filter cycles. Depending on how frequently your spa is used, we recommend cleaning the spa filter cartridge every four weeks. If this is not done, the filter may clog and restrict water flow, which causes improper filtration and poor jet performance.

WARNING: The frequency and duration of use, and the number of occupants all contribute to determining the appropriate time between filter cleanings. More use means that more frequent filter cleanings will be required.

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Watkins TRI, LAP, MAL, SOR manual Maintenance and SPA Care, Water Terminology, Filter Maintenance, Maintenance and Spa Care
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TRI, SOR, MAL, LAP specifications

Watkins MAL, LAP, SOR, and TRI represent a suite of advanced technology products designed for various applications across multiple industries. These systems are integral to enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and automation within operational workflows.

Watkins MAL, or Modular Automation Layer, serves as a flexible framework enabling the seamless integration of diverse automation systems. The architecture focuses on modularity, allowing users to customize their automation setup according to specific requirements. This feature significantly reduces installation time and costs while promoting scalability as businesses grow. The primary technology underpinning MAL is a robust communication protocol that ensures compatibility with various industrial devices, facilitating real-time data exchange and operational synchronization.

LAP, or Logistics Automation Platform, is tailored specifically for optimizing supply chain processes. It leverages advanced algorithms and machine learning to enhance inventory management, shipment tracking, and demand forecasting. LAP’s main characteristic is its intuitive user interface, providing users with comprehensive dashboards that present key performance indicators in real time. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology allows it to connect with sensors and devices across the logistics network, optimizing various stages from warehousing to transportation.

SOR, which stands for Smart Operational Resilience, emphasizes risk management and sustainability in operations. This platform utilizes data analytics and predictive modeling to identify potential disruptions in the supply chain or production lines. It helps organizations develop contingency plans and build resilience against unforeseen challenges. The characteristic that sets SOR apart is its focus on sustainability, integrating eco-friendly practices and promoting resource conservation through its operational protocols.

Finally, TRI, or Technology Resource Integrator, is designed for comprehensive resource management across an organization. TRI enables businesses to consolidate various assets and technologies, ensuring optimal usage and performance. Its primary feature is a central management dashboard that provides insights into resource allocation, utilization rates, and operational efficiency. TRI integrates seamlessly with existing systems, utilizing APIs and standard protocols to ensure a cohesive technological ecosystem.

In conclusion, the Watkins suite encompassing MAL, LAP, SOR, and TRI provides businesses with innovative solutions to modern challenges. By focusing on automation, logistics optimization, operational resilience, and resource integration, Watkins enhances productivity and promotes sustainable growth in an increasingly competitive market.
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