Dell (PERC) S100, PERC S300 manual RAID Terminology, Disk Striping, Disk Mirroring

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RAID Terminology

Disk Striping

Disk striping allows you to write data across multiple physical disks instead of just one physical disk. Disk striping involves partitioning each physical disk storage space into stripes of the various sizes. These stripes are interleaved in a repeated sequential manner. The part of the stripe on a single physical disk is called a stripe element.

For example, in a four-disk system using only disk striping (used in RAID level 0), segment 1 is written to disk 1, segment 2 is written to disk 2, and so on. Disk striping enhances performance because multiple physical disks are accessed simultaneously, but disk striping does not provide data redundancy.

Figure 2-1 shows an example of disk striping.

Figure 2-1. Example of Disk Striping (RAID 0)

Stripe element 1 Stripe element 5 Stripe element 9

Stripe element 2 Stripe element 6 Stripe element 10

Stripe element 3 Stripe element 7 Stripe element 11

Stripe element 4 Stripe element 8 Stripe element 12

Disk Mirroring

With mirroring (used in RAID 1), data written to one disk is simultaneously written to another disk. If one disk fails, the contents of the other disk can be used to run the system and rebuild the failed physical disk. The primary advantage of disk mirroring is that it provides 100 percent data redundancy. Because the contents of the disk are completely written to a second disk, it does not matter if one of the disks fails. Both disks contain a copy of the same data at all times. Either of the physical disks can act as the operational physical disk. Disk mirroring provides 100 percent redundancy, but is expensive because each physical disk in the system must be duplicated.

Figure 2-2 shows an example of disk mirroring.

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Overview

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Contents User’s Guide February Contents Installing the Microsoft Windows Drivers Installing the Perc S300 AdapterComplete the Hardware Installation Physical Disk-Related ErrorsRAID Technology Understanding Disk Arrays Industry Canada Notice Canada OnlyContents Page Safety General Safety When Working Inside Your SystemProtecting Against Electrostatic Discharge Page Overview IntroductionOverview Supported Platforms Requirements Physical disksOverview Boot to it About RAID Summary of RAID LevelsRAID Terminology Disk StripingDisk Mirroring Spanned RAID Levels Parity DataExample of Distributed Parity RAID Features General FeaturesDescription Description Allows hot-swapping Physical disks, in the same virtual disk Disks That supports hot-swappingBackplane with hot-swap capability Features Virtual disk Migration during an OCESpecifications RAID Hardware Installation Before You BeginGeneral Considerations Installing the Perc S300 Adapter Installing a Perc S300 Adapter Connecting the Cables Complete the Hardware Installation Connect Physical Disks to the Perc S300 AdapterHardware Installation Installing the Drivers Installing the Microsoft Windows DriversDownloading the Controller Driver Media Pre-Installation Requirements for the Controller Drivers Operating System And Device Driver MediaTo Use Sata Controller to either ATA Mode or Ahci Pre-Installation Procedures For The Controller Drivers Steps DVD, and so on, perform the following For Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 For Microsoft Windows Server For Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Installing the Drivers Installing the Drivers RAID Configuration Management Perc Virtual Disk Management Utility Operations DescriptionAccessing the Perc Virtual Disk Management Utility Perc Virtual Disk Management Text Colors Description Initializing Physical Disks Creating Virtual Disks Before You BeginRAID Configuration and Management Deleting Virtual Disks RAID Configuration and Management Swapping Two Virtual Disks Managing Global Hot Spares Create a Global Hot SpareDelete a Global Hot Spare Viewing Physical Disk Details Viewing Virtual Disk DetailsController Options Description How to Operate Rescanning DisksController Options Continuing to Boot Pause if DegradedRAID Configuration and Management Troubleshooting System Startup ProblemsRAID Mode to ATA Mode Boot Mode, Boot Sequence Bios Bios Screen Corrective Action Lost This warning message appears when multiple virtual disks are Bios not Installed User Disabled INT13 Bios Load From virtual disk creation Virtual Disk-Related Errors On the virtual disk A Virtual Disk is in a Failed StateRedundant virtual disk 12. Cannot Create a Global Hot Spare Select View Virtual Disk Details Physical Disk-Related Errors 14. a Dedicated Hot Spare FailsTroubleshooting Read, Write, and Cache Policy Controller SpecificationsAppendix a S300 adapterTable A-3. Physical Disk Tasks Physical Disk Task Name Controller TasksPhysical Disk Tasks Perc S300 adapterTable A-4. Virtual Disk Tasks Virtual Disk Task Name Virtual Disk TasksSupported RAID Levels AdapterVirtual Disk Specifications Appendix B RAID Technology Understanding Disk Arrays and Virtual DisksUnderstanding RAID Levels Appendix B Disk States Virtual and Physical Disks Table B-2. Physical Disk States DefinitionFailure States Table B-3. Virtual Disk States State DefinitionUnderstanding Physical Disks Table B-5. Minimum and Maximum Physical Disk ConfigurationsCreating Virtual Disks Future Expansion Physical Disk StatesDedicated Hot Spares Rescanning Physical Disks for Changes in StateGlobal Hot Spares Appendix C Regulatory NoticesFCC Notice U.S. Only FCC, Class aFCC, Class B Industry Canada, Class a Industry Canada Notice Canada OnlyCE Notice European Union Industry Canada, Class BAppendix C CE Mark Notice Appendix D Contacting DellAppendix D Index Index Index 100 101 102 Glossary 103104 105 106 107 Acronym for nanoseconds, one billionth of a second108 109 110