Polaroid ST-8E, ST-9E, ST-7E manual Glossary

Page 53

Section 8 - Glossary

can be changed. Subsequent downloads will be of the area inside the box resulting in a much faster update rate.

Quantum Efficiency - Quantum Efficiency refers to the fractional number of electrons formed in the CCD pixel for a given number of photons. Quantum Efficiency is usually plotted as a function of wavelength.

Readout Noise - Readout noise is associated with errors generated by the actual interrogation and readout of each of the CCD pixels at the end of an exposure. This is the result of fixed pattern noise in the CCD, residual charge in the readout capacitors and to a small extent the noise from the A/D converter and preamplifier.

Resolution Mode - The resolution of a CCD camera is determined by pixel size. Pixel size can be increased by combining or binning more than one pixel and displaying it as one pixel. Doing so decreases the effective resolution but speeds up the download time of the image. Maximum resolution is determined by the size of the individual CCD pixel. The ST-7E/8E/9E can run in High, Medium, Low and Auto resolution modes.

Response Factor - Response Factor is a multiplier used by CCDOPS to calibrate CCDOPS to a given telescope for photometric calculations. The Response Factor multiplied by 6700 is the number of photoelectrons generated in the CCD for a 0th magnitude star per second per square inch of aperture.

Saturation - Saturation refers to the full well capacity of a CCD pixel as well as the maximum counts available in the A/D converter. The pixel is saturated when the number of electrons accumulated in the pixel reaches its full well capacity. The A/D is saturated when the input voltage exceeds the maximum. The saturation values for the various cameras are shown in the table below.

 

Full Well

Maximum

e-/Count7

Camera

Capacity

A/D Counts

ST-5C

50,000e-

65,535

1.25

ST-237

20,000e-

4,095

3.4

ST-6

400,000e-

65,535

6.7

ST-7E/ST-8E8

50,000e-

20,000

2.3

High Res

160,000e-

 

 

ST-7E/ST-8E

65,535

2.3

Med/Low Res

150,000e-

 

 

ST-7E/8E/9E

65,535

1.3

Tracking CCD

200, 000e-

 

 

ST-9E

65,535

2.8

Sky Background - The sky background illumination or brightness is the number of counts in the image in areas free of stars or nebulosity and is due to city lights and sky glow.

7

8

The e-/Count shown are for the High Resolution readout mode. These numbers can be different for other readout modes. Use the Parameters command in the Display menu to see the actual value for images acquired in other readout modes.

The Non-ABG versions of the ST-7E and ST-8E have twice the full-well capacity of these values shown.

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Contents Operating Manual Page Table of Contents Technique Quick Tour IntroductionRoad Map of the Documentation Ccdops for Windows or Macintosh Ccdops SoftwareCCD Camera Page How CCD Detectors Work Introduction to CCD CamerasCameras in General Camera Hardware Architecture Full Frame and Frame Transfer CCDsCCD System Block Diagram Cooling CCD Special RequirementsDark Frames Double Correlated Sampling ReadoutPixels vs. Film Grains Flat Field ImagesGuiding Electronic Imaging Black and White vs. Color Page Attaching the Camera to the Telescope At the Telescope with a CCD CameraStep by Step with a CCD Camera Establishing a Communications Link Focusing the CCD CameraCamera Back Focus Taking an Image Finding and Centering the ObjectDisplaying the Image Processing the ImageSub-Frame Readout in Focus Crosshairs Mode Photometry and AstrometryAdvanced Capabilities Autoguiding and Self Guiding Track and AccumulateColor Imaging Auto GrabAt the Telescope with a CCD Camera Connecting to the Computer Connecting the PowerConnecting the Relay Port to the Telescope Camera HardwareUsing Mechanical Relays Push to Make Switch Modification Joystick Modification Modular Family of CCD CamerasSystem Features 20.6x sizeum Focal length cm Camera Hardware Connecting the older model CFW-6 filter wheel to the Camera Battery Operation Page Lunar and Planetary Imaging Advanced Imaging TechniquesDeep Sky Imaging Terrestrial ImagingBuilding a Library of Dark Frames Changing the Camera ResolutionTaking a Good Flat Field Flat Fielding Track and Accumulate Images Tracking Functions Advanced Imaging Techniques Page Cooling Booster Accessories for your CCD CameraCamera Lens Adapters and Eyepiece Projection Tri-color ImagingFocal Reducers AO-7 and Lucy-Richardson SoftwareSGS Self-Guided Spectrograph Third Party Products and ServicesWindows Software Image Processing SoftwareSbig Technical Support Common Problems Common Problems Common Problems Page Glossary STV Glossary Glossary Sbig Tracking Interface Cable TIC-78 Appendix a Connector ad CablesAppendix a Connector Pinouts Figure A1 CCD Connector for TIC Mating Regenerating the Desiccant Appendix C MaintenanceCleaning the CCD and the Window Page Technique Appendix C Capturing a Good Flat FieldPage Index IBM PC Separations
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