Minolta 2084401, 2163-910, 9222-2163-11 instruction manual Aperture Control, Shutter Control

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APERTURE CONTROL

The size of the aperture (lens opening) determines the depth-of-field of the final image as well as the intensity of the light falling on the film. Depth-of-field is the range in front of and behind the subject that appears sharp in the final image. Depth of field increases as the focal length decreases. The wide angle position of the lens will have a greater depth of field at a given aperture than at the telephoto position.

Large	f/2.8	f/4	f/5.6	f/8	f/11	f/16	Small
Large							Small

SHUTTER CONTROL

In addition to controlling the duration of the exposure, shutter speeds determine how moving subjects will appear in the final image. Use a fast shutter speed to stop the motion of your subject, use a slow shutter speed to blur the motion.

Large Aperture

(small f-number)

Range in focus is narrower.

Small Aperture

(large f-number)

Range in focus is deeper.

Fast	1/4000s	1/250s	1/125s	1/45s	1/8s	1s	6s	30s		Slow
Fast										Slow

Large apertures (small f-numbers) limit the depth-of-field to a narrow range in front of and behind the point of focus. Set a larger aperture when photographing portraits to make your subject stand out from the background.

Small apertures (large f-numbers) provide greater depth-of-field. Set a small aperture when pho- tographing landscapes to ensure your entire scene is sharp.

Fast Shutter Speed

Fast shutter speeds can stop the action and also help prevent blurring caused by camera movement during exposure, known as camera shake.

Slow Shutter Speed

Slow shutter speeds will make a moving subject appear to flow, creating a feeling of motion.

•Usable apertures will depend on the aperture range of the lens you are using.

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Contents Appendix Table of Contents Detailed Operation Table of ContentsFor Proper and Safe USE For Proper and Safe USE Quick Operation Body Names of PartsNames of Parts Data PanelViewfinder Using the Eyepiece Cap StrapAttaching the Strap Installing the Batteries Battery Condition IndicatorsBatteries Removing the Lens LensAttaching the Lens Lens capsFilm-chamber Lock FilmCompletely rewound Gently press the manual- rewind button using a penRewinding the Film Wait until the film isTurn the function dial to Handling the Camera EYE-STARTPressing the Shutter-release Button Turning Eye-start onTurning the Audio Signal On Audio SignalCanceling Eye-start Canceling the Audio SignalTaking Pictures in FULL-AUTO Focus cannot be confirmed Blinking Focus SignalsFocus Special Focus SituationsCenter your subject in the wide Focus frame Using the BUILT-IN FlashFlash Signals Focus LockLens Shadowing Using the BUILT-IN FlashFlash Cancel Flash RangeUntil Appear on Data panel Canceling Red-eye ReductionWhen you release the button, Red-Eye ReductionSUBJECT-PROGRAM Selection PortraitLandscape SUBJECT-PROGRAM Selection Close-upSports Photograping Night Scenes Night PortraitSelf-timer Drive ModesCenter your subject in the focus frame Drive Modes Continuous AdavanceFor Owner’s of the Remote-control Model Lift your finger from Focus Lock in Remote Control ModeShutter-release button Recompose the pictureShutter Control Aperture ControlExposure Modes Mode Aperture PriorityPress the flash-mode button to pop-up the built-in flash Mode Aperture PriorityFlash with a Mode Canceling the FlashSelect the shutter speed Mode Shutter PriorityDepth-of-field Preview Control dial until S appearsMode Manual Mode Shutter PriorityFlash with S Mode Mode Manual Flash with M modeEv Scale in the Viewfinder Control dial to change Shutter speeds ModeTaking Time Exposures p.81 Multiple Exposures p.90 Exposure WarningsBright Light Low LightFocus Area Wide Focus AreaSpot Focus Area Local Focus Areas Focus AreaFocus Modes Automatic AF Continuous AFAppears on the data Focus Modes Single-Shot AFManual Focus Subject in the center Subject on the right AF IlluminatorSegment Honeycomb-Pattern Metering Spot MeteringSpot-AE Lock Exposure AE-LOCKWith the object to be metered Ev Scale Display When Using the Spot-AE LockMount the camera on a tripod. Set the camera to M mode p.61 Exposure AE-LOCKAttaching the Remote Cord Sold Separately Using the Remote-Control with BulbSold SeparatelyChecking Exposure Compensation Exposure CompensationIncrement Setting the ISO ManuallyExposure Bracketing To set the bracketingExposure Bracketing Down to take the last Multiple ExposureStop From blinking Repeat 4 and 5 for each Additional exposureMetering Multiple Exposure Canceling Multiple ExposureFlash Multiple ExposurePre-flash metering Attaching the Accessory FlashFlash Flash MeteringHigh-speed sync HSS Attach the accessory flash toSlow Sync HIGH-SPEED Sync HSSWith the camera and flash on Turn the function dial to WIRELESS/REMOTE FlashSetting Wireless/Remote Flash Mode Normal flash Wireless flash100 101 WIRELESS/REMOTE FlashTaking Pictures in Wireless/Remote Flash Mode Wireless/Remote Ratio FlashCanceling Wireless/Remote Flash Mode 102 103Imprinting the Date or Time Changing the Date Format Setting the Date or Time104 105 For Owners of the Quartz Date ModelTurn the function dial to any Position other than Cust Setting Custom FunctionsCustom Functions 106 107Custom Functions 108 109Custom 7 Eyepiece Sensor Activation Custom 8 P Mode Settings110 111 Custom 6 Focus-hold Button Lens112 113 PROGRAM-RESET Button Following settings will not change114 115 Lenses Accessory InformationAccessory Flashes 116 117118 119 Accessory Information120 Trouble Shooting122 123 Care and Strage124 125 SpecificationsIndex 126 127Subject MM-B108