Duracell Ni-MH manual Safety Considerations

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Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries

8SafetyConsiderations

Duracell’s nickel-metal hydride batteries are designed to ensure maximum safety. Each cell includes a resealable pressure relief mechanism (safety vent) to prevent excessive build-up of pressure in the cell in the event it is overcharged excessively, exposed to extreme high temperatures, or otherwise abused. Duracell’s nickel-metal hydride batteries contain protective devices, as discussed in Section 6.4, to prevent excessive heating during fast charging, high rate discharging beyond design limits, or abusive use.

DURACELL nickel-metal hydride batteries have been tested by the Underwriters Laboratories in accordance with UL Standard 2054 “Outline of Investigation for Household and Commercial Batteries.” Duracell successfully met all of the test criteria. The tests required under this Standard and the results of the tests on DURACELL cells and batteries are summarized in Table 8.0.1. These tests cover operational and abusive conditions to which batteries may be exposed during their use.

DURACELL nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries that are listed by Underwriters Laboratories under UL Standard 2054 are identified in File No. MH17905. Some DURACELL nickel-metal hydride batteries used in computers are listed under UL Standard 1950 “Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment,” and are identified in File No. E158164.

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Contents Able of Contents Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesNi-MH Rechargeable Batteries 1 Introduction Cell Reactions Active Components Positive and Negative ElectrodesElectrolyte Composition and Chemistry Basic Cell Construction Cylindrical Cell ConstructionBattery Construction Prismatic Cell ConstructionPerformance Characteristics General CharacteristicsEnergy Density Pe rformance CharacteristicsCapacity Effect of Discharge Rate and Temperature Polarity Reversal During Overdischarge Constant Power Discharge CharacteristicsPerf ormance Char acteristics Self-Discharge and Charge Retention Performance Ch aracteristicsInternal Impedance Performance Cha racteristics Voltage Depression Memory EffectCharging Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries General PrinciplesCharging Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batt eries Techniques for Charge ControlTemperature Cutoff Charging Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batt eries co ntTimed Charge Voltage Plateau Zero ΔVCharging Methods Delta Temperature Cutoff ΔtcoRate of Temperature Increase dT/dt Duracell’s Recommendation Three-Step Charge Procedure Low-Rate Charge ≈12 hoursQuick Charge ≈4 hours Fast Charge ≈1 hourThermal Devices Trickle ChargeCycle and Battery Life Cycle LifeBattery Life Recommended PermissibleSafety Considerations Test Test Conditions Test Results Care and Handling Proper Use and Handling Transportation