Passive and Active Network Analysis

14.PASSIVE AND ACTIVE NETWORK ANALYSIS

14.1General – In this chapter we’ll demonstrate the ability of the HP3586 to be used for network analysis. The HP3586 has the ability to accurately measure relative power and voltage levels over a wide range of frequency and also output a signal at the frequency it’s tuned to. It can do the work of many instruments in one package.

We’ll start by taking measurements on a passive band pass filter covering the 160 meter amateur radio band, 1.8MHz to 2MHz designed to reduce strong broadcast signals near the 160 meter band. To make it simple the filter will have a 50 ohm input and output impedance which we can easily match to a HP3586. The second example will be a low power 50 ohm 20db gain preamplifier to cover a wide bandwidth of 14MHz to 30MHz. Finally I’ll suggest some applications using the instrument’s tracking oscillator as a signal generator with its selective receiver as a detector for alignment of radio circuits.

As in the last chapter I’ll assume you have studied the previous chapters and are familiar with the basic button pushing and operation of a HP3586.

14.2Setup – Since the input and tracking oscillator output are both 75 ohms on our HP3586 I need to add some resistors to adjust the impedance for a 50 ohm device. The output impedance of the instrument’s tracking generator is 75 ohms, so I can connect its Fo output to the input of my device but with an added 150 ohm resistor between the circuit’s input and ground. This HP recommended method to provide the 50 ohm impedance for the device and not load the instrument’s tracking generator. If I’m using a A or B version I add a 50 ohm load resistor to the device’s output, or the 50 ohm load shown in Appendix C, connect it directly to the 75 ohm input of my HP3586 and turn off the internal 75 ohm termination. This will provide the required device termination and allow me to read device’s output using the 10K 50pf input of the unbalanced input. HP also recommends this method of input termination. If we are using a C version we can simply use its 50 ohm terminated input and not add the external 50 ohm resistor.

Since we are going to make comparative before and after measurements we don’t have to correct the power calculations from 75 to 50 ohms. We set our HP3586 for carrier or selective measuring mode, depending on instrument version we’re using, and select the 20Hz filter, and automatic 10db range for maximum level precision.

14.3Normalizing our Level Measurements – We now disconnect the device but leave the terminating resistors and simple connect a jumper wire between the terminating resistors to simulate a zero loss device. We now can read the output of our instrument’s oscillator signal through the short circuit, which should be a little less than 0dbm since the oscillator’s output is 0dbm. Say the display reads – 1.11dbm due to termination and other losses. We now can easily normalize out future level reading to the zero loss level using the same method of the previous chapter of putting the displayed dbm level into the offset register and turning on the offset function. Press [RDNG→OFFSET] on the entry panel followed by pressing [OFFSET] on the measurement/entry panel to store the displayed reading in the offset register and turn on the offset function.

14.4Measuring the Filter’s Pass Band and Loss – We now reinstall the filter and start to take measurements. At a frequency of 1900KHz in the center of the filter’s pass band, say our display now reading is –2.42db. As we tune the instrument’s frequency between 1820KHz and 1970KHz it stays close to this value. By recording relative levels vs. frequency we can plot the filters frequency response along with its insertion loss in db relative to it’s input power.

14.5Measuring an Amplifier’s Gain and Frequency Response – We can now use a similar procedure to find the gain of our wide band amplifier. However, we had normalized our level display for near a 0 dbm standard, but since we think our amplifier should have a +20db gain we will be inputting power levels close to the maximum measuring capability or our HP3586. We should reduce the input

B, 3586A, C specifications

The HP C3586A and C3586B tape drives are notable components in the realm of data storage solutions, primarily designed for enterprise-class environments. These SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) tape drives are regarded for their efficiency, reliability, and capacity to meet the growing demands of data backup and archival processes in businesses.

The C3586A model utilizes the DAT (Digital Audio Tape) technology, which allows it to deliver high performance and high data density. It features a native capacity of 2.3 GB per cartridge, which can be extended to 4.6 GB with the use of compression. This is particularly advantageous for businesses requiring significant amounts of data storage without the necessity for multiple tapes. The transfer rate is rated at up to 12 MB per minute, which ensures quick backups and restores, minimizing the operational downtime.

In terms of data integrity and security, both models incorporate advanced error correction techniques to guarantee that data remains pristine and intact throughout the storage duration. They are designed to work seamlessly with a variety of operating systems and backup applications, enhancing compatibility and user convenience.

The HP C3586B, on the other hand, offers similar foundational technologies but with enhanced features. It supports higher capacity tapes and is engineered to work seamlessly in high-performance environments. With the integration of SCSI-2 interfacing, users can expect faster data transfer rates, which is critical for organizations dealing with large volumes of data.

Another key aspect of both models is their rugged design, which provides durability and reliability needed for long-term storage solutions. The drives are built to withstand extended usage, which makes them a cost-effective choice for businesses looking to invest in dependable data storage systems.

Furthermore, these drives come with a user-friendly interface and straightforward maintenance. This allows IT personnel to handle backups with ease while keeping the workflow uninterrupted.

In summary, the HP C3586A and C3586B tape drives epitomize the union of technology, usability, and dependability. Their robust features, including high data capacity, fast transfer rates, and durable construction, make them a formidable choice for enterprises seeking efficient data backup and archival solutions in the ever-evolving digital landscape.