HP UX Kerberos Data Security Software manual Authentication Process, Step

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Overview

Authentication Process

 

The figure shown below depicts the components of the secure

 

environment and the Kerberos protocol. Also, given below is a step-wise

 

procedure of how a client and server authenticate each other using

 

Kerberos. The step numbers match with the numbered arrows in the

 

figure below.

Figure 1-1

Authentication Process

Step

1.

The user begins to use a Kerberos-secured application by entering the

 

 

user principal name and password. Optionally, the user can request for

 

 

specific ticket flags and specify the key type to be used to construct the

 

 

secret key. The user can also accept the default, configured for the client.

Step

2.

The Key Distribution Center (KDC) transforms the password into the

 

 

user’s secret key and uses it to construct a message, which it sends to the

 

 

Authentication Service (AS), requesting a TGT for the user. The AS is

 

 

the component of the Kerberos Server that grants initial tickets.

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Chapter 1

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Contents Edition Manufacturing Part Number T1417-90003 E0602Legal Notices Page Page Contents Administration Contents Contents Inter-realm Troubleshooting Glossary Index Contents Tables Tables Figures Figures Preface Accessing the World Wide Web AudienceRelated Software Products Related DocumentationRelated Request for Comments RFCs Conventions WidthUsing This Manual Glossary Index Overview Chapter Overview How The Kerberos Server Works Configuring and Administering the Kerberos Server on HP-UX Authentication Process Authentication Process StepTGT Authentication Process Authentication Process DES vs 3DES Key Type Settings Must be assigned a key type or default keys issued byKrbtgt/REALM Name is the ticket-granting principal. This is Is added to the database. The krbtgt/REALM NAMEprincipalInstallation Installation Before Installing The Kerberos Server Hardware Requirements Software Requirements Installing The Kerberos Server With SD-UX Installing The Kerberos Server Chapter Migration Migration Policy Migration on Step-wise Procedure For Migration on Policy Migration Step-wise Procedure For Migration For version 2.0 of the Kerberos Server, as described in Step On successful completion the following message is displayed Step-wise Procedure For Migration Chapter Interoperability With Windows Interoperability With Windows Chapter Overview Understanding the Terminology Understanding the Terminology Table of Analogous Terms Table of Analogous Terms HP’s Kerberos Server WindowsHP’s Kerberos Server and Windows 2000 Interoperability CaseEstablishing Trust Between HP’s Kerberos Servers and Windows Single Realm Domain Authentication Inter-Realm Inter-Domain Authentication Special Considerations for Interoperability Database ConsiderationsEncryption Considerations Postdated TicketsSpecial Considerations for Interoperability Chapter Configuration Configuration Security Server Files That Require Configuration Configuration Files For The Kerberos ServerFile Auto-Configuration of the Security Server Auto-Configuration of the Security Server Return to the main menu Manual Configuration Of The Kerberos Server Editing the Configuration FilesManual Configuration Of The Kerberos Server Krb.conf Krb.conf FormatRealm Sample krb.conf File Reference Krb.realms Krb.realms Format Krb.realms Sample krb.realms Sample krb.realms Chapter Configuring The Primary Server Creating The Principal Database After Installation To add an administrative principal using Add An Administrative PrincipalAdministrator Run Command-Line-Administrator,kadmin Create The host/fqdn principal And Extract Its Service Key Start the Kerberos daemons Define Secondary Server Network Locations Adminaclfile Password Policy FileSecurity Policies Starting the Security Server Summary Sbin/initd/krbsrv start Create the Principal Database Configuring The Secondary Security ServersCopy the Kerberos Configuration File Create a host/fqdn Principal and Extract Its Key Administration Administration Administering the Kerberos Database Kadmind Adminaclfile Assigning Administrative Permissions List prinicpal. This is redundant with i or Adding Entries to the adminaclfile Using Restricted Adminsitrator Creating Administrative AccountsHow the r/R Modifiers Work 100 Password Policy File Editing the Default FileDefault Password Policy Settings for the base group Password Policy setting Default102 Principals 104 Adding New Service Principals Adding User PrincipalsReserved Service Principals Chapter 107 Do not remove or modify this principal entry Remove Special Privilege Settings Removing User PrincipalsProtecting Secret Keys Removing Service Principals Kadmin Vs kadminl Administration ToolsAdministration Tools Tool Name Tool Description Administrator Standard Functionality of the Administrator ApplyLocal Administrator kadminlui Usage of kadminluiChapter 117 Principals Tab Principals TabChapter 119 General Tab Principal Information window General Tab Principal Information WindowChapter 121 Adding Principals to the Database To add a principalSame settings To simultaneously add multiple principals withCreating an Administrative Principal To create an administrative principalChapter 125 To search for a principal Finding a PrincipalSearch Criteria Chapter 127 128 Deleting a Principal To delete a user principalLoading Default Values for a Principal To reload the default values for a principalTo restore previously saved values for a principal Restoring Previously Saved Values for a PrincipalChanging Ticket Information To change ticket informationChapter 133 Rules for Setting Maximum Ticket Lifetime ExampleRules for Setting Maximum Renew Time ExamplesChanging Password Information To change the password informationA principal’s password. You must inform the principal Password at their next logonPassword Tab Principal Information Window Password Tab Principal InformationWindow Chapter 139 Change Password window Password tab Change Password Window Password TabChapter 141 Changing Key Types To change a DES principal’s key type to 3DESChapter 143 Changing Principal Attributes To change principal attributesAttributes Tab Principal Information Attributes Tab Principal Information Window146 Chapter 147 148 Chapter 149 Deleting a Service Principal To delete a service principalExtracting Service Keys To securely extract principal keys to the service key152 Extract Service Key Table window Extract Service Key Table Window154 Using Groups to Control Settings To edit the default groupGroup Information window Principal Group Information Window Default Principal Attributes Setting the Default Group Principal AttributesPrincipal Attributes Setting Administrative Permissions To set administrative permissionsAdministrative Permissions Administrative PermissionsChapter 161 162 Realms Tab Realms TabRealm Information window Realms tab 10 Realm Information Window Realms TabAdding a Realm To add a realmDeleting a Realm To delete a realmRemote Administrator kadminui 168 Administration Manual Administration Using kadmin Chapter 171 Add a New Principal Add Random KeyChange Password to a New Randomly Generated Password Specify New PasswordDelete a Principal Extract a Principal List the Attributes of a Principal Modifying a PrincipalTo modify the principal admin, you need to do the following Number of Authentication failures fcntKey Version Number Attribute AttributesAllow Postdated Attribute Allow Renewable AttributeAllow Forwardable Attribute Allow Proxy Attribute Require Preauthentication Attribute Allow Duplicate Session Key AttributeRequire Password Change Attribute Allow as Service Attribute Lock Principal AttributeRequire Initial Authentication Attribute FollowingAuthentication Set As Password Change Service Attribute TgtbasedPassword Expiration Attribute Principal Expiration Attribute Maximum Ticket Lifetime AttributeKey Type Attribute Maximum Renew Time AttributeSalt Type Attribute Chapter 189 Principal Database Utilities Principal Database Utilities If you want to Use This ToolCreating the Kerberos Database 192 Database Encryption Database Master Password Destroying the Kerberos Database Dumping the Kerberos Database Loading the Kerberos Database Stashing the Master Key Chapter 199 Starting and Stopping Daemons Services Situation Daemons and ServicesSituations that require Starting and Stopping Daemons Maintenance Tasks Master PasswordProtecting Security Server Secrets Host/fqdn@REALMBacking Up Primary Server Data Special Note on Backing up the Principal DatabaseChapter 203 Removing Unused Space From the Database Chapter 205 206 Propagation 208 Propagation Hierarchy Propagation RelationshipsExtracting a Key to the Service Key Table File Service Key Table v5srvtabMaintaining Secret Keys In The Key Table File Creating a New Service Key Table File Deleting Older Keys From the Service Key Table FilePropagation Tools Propagation Tools If You Want To Use This ToolChapter 213 Kpropd Mkpropcf 216 Kpropd.ini Defaultvalues section SectionsChapter 219 Secsrvname Section Examples All servers contain the following entries222 Prpadmin Setting Up Propagation Chapter 225 226 Chapter 227 228 Monitoring Propagation Critical Error MessagesMonitoring the Log File Monitoring Propagation Queue Files Monitoring for Old File Date and Large File SizePrincipal.ok Time Stamp Does Not Update Comparing the Database to its CopiesAuthentication Problems Occur Administration Appears NormalLog Files Indicate Problems Authentication Tests SucceedNumber of Principals Does Not Match KdbdumpRestarting Propagation Using the Simple Process Restarting Propagation Using the Full Dump Method Propagation FailureConverting a Secondary Server to a Primary Server Restarting Services Cleaning the Temp Directory238 Number of Realms per Database Configuring for Multi-realm EnterprisesPrimary Servers That Support Multiple Realms Adding More Realms to a Multi-realm Database Multiple Primary Servers That Support a Single RealmDatabase Propagation for Multi-realm Databases To Configure a propagation in a multi-realm environment 242 Inter-realm 244 One-way Trust Considering Trust RelationshipsTwo-way Trust Hierarchical Trust Other Types Of TrustChapter 247 248 Chapter 249 Configuring Direct Trust Relationships Direct Trust Relationship Example Hierarchical Chain of Trust Hierarchical Inter-realm TrustHierarchical Inter-realm Example Hierarchical Inter-realm Configuration 254 Chapter 255 256 Chapter 257 258 Troubleshooting 260 Chapter 261 Characterizing the Problem Chapter 263 Diagnostic Tools Summary Diagnostic ToolsError Messages Troubleshooting KerberosLogging Capabilities Services Checklist Unix Syslog FileTroubleshooting Techniques Table of Errors Messages Chapter 269 270 Forgotten Passwords General ErrorsLocking and Unlocking Accounts Clock Synchronization Typical User Error Messages Decrypt integrity check failedAdministrative Error Messages Password has expired while getting initial ticketService key not available while getting initial ticket ActionChapter 275 Reporting Problems to Your Hewlett-Packard Support Contact Chapter 277 278 Glossary Glossary Glossary 281 Ticket-granting-ticket Symbols Index284 285
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