Netopia R7200 manual Technical note on subnet masking

Page 212

B-6 User’s Reference Guide

There are two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addresses:

■Manually give each computer an address

■Let the Netopia R7200 automatically distribute the addresses

These two methods are not mutually exclusive; you can manually issue some of the addresses while the rest are distributed by the Netopia R7200. Using the router in this way allows it to function as an address server.

One reason to use the Netopia R7200 as an address server is that it takes less time than manually distributing the addresses. This is particularly true if you have many addresses to distribute. You need to enter information only once, rather than having to enter it on each host separately. This also reduces the potential for misconfiguring hosts.

Another reason to use the Netopia R7200 as an address server is that it will distribute addresses only to hosts that need to use them.

All Netopia R7200s come with an integrated Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) server. Some routers also come with a Macintosh Internet Protocol (MacIP) server. These servers provide a means of distributing IP addresses to either a Mac or PC workstation as needed.

When setting up the DHCP or MacIP servers in the Netopia R7200, it is necessary to understand how workstations lease, renew, and release their IP addresses. This information is helpful in determining dynamic address allocation for a network.

The term “lease” describes the action of a workstation requesting and using an IP address. The address is dynamic and can be returned to the address pool at a later time.

The term “renew” refers to what the workstations do to keep their leased IP address. At certain intervals, the workstation talks to the DHCP or MacIP server and renews the lease on that IP address. This renewal allows the workstation to keep and use the assigned IP address until the next renewal period.

The term “release” refers to a situation where the workstation is no longer using its assigned IP address or has been shut down. IP addresses can be manually released as well. The IP address goes back into the DHCP or MacIP address pool to be reassigned to another workstation as needed.

Technical note on subnet masking

Note: The IP address supplied by the Netopia R7200 will be a unique number. You may want to replace this number with a number that your ISP supplies if you are configuring the router for a static IP address. The automatic IP mask supplied by SmartStart is a Class C address. However, the Netopia R7200 and all devices on the same local network must have the same subnet mask. If you require a different class address, you can edit the IP Mask field to enter the correct address. Refer to the table below.

Number of Devices (other than

Netopia R7200) on Local Network

Largest Possible Ethernet Subnet

Mask

 

1

255.255.255.252

 

 

 

 

2-5

255.255.255.248

 

 

 

 

6-13

255.255.255.240

 

 

 

 

14-29

255.255.255.224

 

 

 

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Contents Netopia R7200 Sdsl Router Part Number Contents Part II Advanced Configuration Contents Aurp Snmp Xmodem Part III Appendixes User’s Reference Guide Part I Getting Started User’s Reference Guide Overview Features and capabilitiesChapter Introduction How to use this guide Chapter Setting Up Internet Services Finding an Internet service providerSetting up a Netopia R7200 account Obtaining an IP address Unique requirementsPricing and support Endorsements Deciding on an ISP accountObtaining information from the ISP Local LAN IP address information to obtainWith Network Address Translation Without Network Address TranslationUser’s Reference Guide Chapter Making the Physical Connections Find a locationIdentify the connectors and attach the cables What you needNetopia R7200 Sdsl Router back panel ports Your router onNetopia R7200 Sdsl Router status lights Netopia R7200 LED front panelChapter Connecting to Your Local Area Network Readying computers on your local networkUser’s Reference Guide Connecting to an Ethernet network 10Base-T Adding an external modem Connecting to a LocalTalk network Chapter Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Before running SmartStart Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard SmartStart Wizard configuration screensAdvanced setup Easy optionAdvanced option Configuration screen on Dynamic configuration recommended Configuration tabStatic configuration optional Add. Repeat this process for the secondary DNS Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers TCP/IPTCP/IP or MacTCP Dynamic configuration using MacIP optional Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard User’s Reference Guide Chapter Console-Based Management Connecting through a Telnet session Connecting a console cable to your router Configuring Telnet softwareNavigating through the console screens PC ANSI-BBSAccessing the Easy Setup console screens Chapter Easy SetupEasy Setup console screens See Appendix A, Troubleshooting, for more suggestions Quick Easy Setup connection path Sdsl Line Configuration Main Menu appearsEasy Setup Profile Previous Screen Next ScreenIP Easy Setup Easy Setup Security Configuration Previous Screen To Main Menu Part II Advanced Configuration User’s Reference Guide Chapter WAN and System Configuration WAN configurationATM VPI ATM VCI Creating a new Connection Profile IPX Profile Parameters Remote IPX Network Datalink PPP/MP Options Data Compression Default profile Main Menu Default Profile screen appears IP parameters default profile screen IPX parameters default profile screen System configuration screensNavigating through the system configuration screens System configuration features Network protocols setup Filter sets firewallsIP address serving Date and timeConsole configuration Upgrade feature set Snmp Simple Network Management ProtocolSecurity LoggingInstalling the Syslog client User’s Reference Guide Chapter Line Backup Backup Configuration screen appears Backup Configuration screen AtdtIP Setup screen Using Scheduled Connections with Backup Connection ProfilesScheduled Connections screen appears Management/Statistics Force Recovery Snmp Support QuickViewEvent Logs User’s Reference Guide Chapter IP Setup and Network Address Translation Network Address Translation featuresHOW NAT Works Using Network Address Translation Previous ScreenV2 multicast Numbered Associating port numbers with nodes Sdsl WAN1Advanced IP/IPX router configuration options Data Link Options IP Setup and Network Address Translation Network Address Translation guidelines IP setup User’s Reference Guide Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears Select Service. a pop-up menu of services and ports appears IP subnets User’s Reference Guide Static routes Static Routes screen will appear Viewing static routesAdding a static route Deleting a static route Rules of static route installationModifying a static route Main Menu System Configuration IP Address Serving 176.163.222.10 Dhcp NetBios Options Serve Bootp Clients IP Address Pools IP Setup and Network Address Translation Dhcp NetBIOS Options NetBios Type MacIP KIP forwarding setup You have finished your IP setup User’s Reference Guide Chapter IPX Setup IPX featuresIPX definitions Internetwork Packet Exchange IPXService Advertising Protocol SAP IPX addressSocket Routing Information Protocol RIPIPX spoofing NetBIOSIPX setup screen Default Gateway Address IPX routing tables User’s Reference Guide AppleTalk protocol Chapter AppleTalk SetupAppleTalk networks AT Routing Table MacIP Routers and seedingInstalling AppleTalk Upgrade Feature Set EtherTalk setup Configuring AppleTalkLocalTalk setup Aurp Free Trade Zone Aurp setupViewing Aurp partners Adding an Aurp partner Modifying an Aurp partnerConfiguring Aurp Options Deleting an Aurp partnerReceiving Aurp connections Aurp Options Tickle Interval Hhmmss User’s Reference Guide Chapter Monitoring Tools Quick View status overviewGeneral status Current status Status lightsStatistics & Logs General StatisticsNetwork Interface Event historiesPhysical Interface WAN Event History Routing tables Device Event HistoryIP routing table AppleTalk routing table IPX routing tableIPX Sap Bindery table Served IP Addresses IP Address Lease Management screen appears System Information SnmpSnmp Setup screen Community stringsSnmp traps Setting the IP trap receivers Viewing IP trap receiversModifying IP trap receivers Deleting IP trap receiversWeb-based management pages Event History pages WAN Event History Device Event History User’s Reference Guide User accounts Chapter SecuritySuggested security measures Protecting the Security Options screen Protecting the configuration screensDial-in console access Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web server Telnet accessAbout filters and filter sets What’s a filter and what’s a filter set?How filter sets work Filter priorityHow individual filters work Port numbers filtering ruleParts of a filter Port number comparisons Other filter attributesPutting the parts together UDPFiltering example #1 Filtering example #2Design guidelines Disadvantages of filtersAn approach to using filters Working with IP filters and filter setsAdding a filter set Naming a new filter setInput and output filters-source and destination Adding filters to a filter setADD this Filter NOW Cancel Viewing filter sets Viewing filtersModifying filters Deleting filtersSample IP filter set Modifying filter setsDeleting a filter set TCP Icmp UDP Possible modifications User’s Reference Guide IPX filters Adding a packet filter IPX packet filtersViewing and modifying packet filters IPX packet filter sets Deleting a packet filterViewing and modifying packet filter sets Adding a packet filter setNo Match Viewing and modifying SAP filters IPX SAP filtersDeleting a packet filter set Adding a SAP filter Deleting a SAP filterAdding a SAP filter set IPX SAP filter setsViewing and modifying SAP filter sets Deleting a SAP filter set Basic protocol types Firewall tutorial General firewall termsBasic IP packet components Firewall Logic Firewall design rulesExample TCP/UDP Ports Binary representation Logical and functionExample IP filter set screen Implied rulesEstablished connections Filter basics Example networkExample filters ExampleExample Example Chapter Utilities and Diagnostics Ping Receive return Ping packet Trace Route Stop PingTelnet client Factory defaults Disconnect Telnet console sessionTransferring configuration and firmware files with Tftp Updating firmwareDownloading configuration files Uploading configuration files Transferring configuration and firmware files with XmodemIdle Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia? Restarting the system Part III Appendixes User’s Reference Guide Appendix a Troubleshooting Configuration problemsConsole connection problems Network problemsHow to reset the router to factory defaults Power outagesHow to reach us Technical supportBefore contacting Netopia Environment profileOnline product information FAX-BackUser’s Reference Guide About IP addressing What is IP?Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing Subnets and subnet masks Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internet Subnet masksNetwork configuration ISP NetworkBackground Example Working with a Class C subnetDistributing IP addresses Technical note on subnet masking Dhcp address serving Netopia R7200 Dhcp server characteristicsConfiguration Using address serving Manually distributing IP addressesMacIP serving Serve dynamic WAN clientsTips and rules for distributing IP addresses Understanding IP Addressing B-9Dhcp example Nested IP subnets Internet0.0 C.1 WAN 3719 Broadcasts Packet header typesUser’s Reference Guide Background Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT BehaviorNetwork configuration User’s Reference Guide Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-3 Netopia Router WWW Server ISP Router LAN Exported services Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-5Important notes Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-7 Summary Appendix D Binary Conversion Table Decimal Binary Appendix E Further Reading User’s Reference Guide Further Reading E-3 User’s Reference Guide Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety Information Pinouts for Auxiliary port modem cableEnvironment Power requirementsDescription Software and protocols Agency approvals Regulatory noticesNorth America InternationalImportant safety instructions Declaration for Canadian usersTelecommunication installation cautions BatteryAppendix G About Sdsl User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Remapping See network number remapping User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Index NumericsIndex-2 Index-3 Index-4 Index-5 Index-6 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies User’s Reference Guide
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