The Last Word 3.0 Reference Manual

8.6 CUSTOMISING THE KEYBOARD

LW allows you to customise the keyboard in two ways: by using macros, and by using a custom keyboard layout (in the LW.SYS file). Redefining the keyboard using the macro is the best way to reassign keystrokes, while a keyboard definition file allows you to totally remap the keyboard (to create a DVORAK layout, for example).

8.6.1THE KEYBOARD TABLE

First, let’s look at the KEY statement, which should appear in the LW.SYS file.

The keyboard customisation contains lines of the form:

KEY n,n

The KEY statement takes two numeric arguments. The first number is an index to the hardware scan code table. The scan code table is 256 bytes long, and is divided into four groups of 64 bytes. The first 64 bytes represent normal keys (without Shift or Control), the next 64 bytes are the Shifted characters, and the next 64 bytes are Control characters. The final 64 bytes represent keys pressed while both Shift and Control are held down together (<Shift+Ctrl> keys in this manual). LW’s keyboard table is exactly like the table contained in the Atari’s operating system ROM, except for the Shift and Control block (the Atari OS’s keyboard table is only 192 bytes long).

The table on the following page shows the entire default key mapping of LW. The keys are shown in the left column, and the grey columns represent the code offsets for the normal, shifted, control and Shift+Ctrl characters.

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Atari XL manual Customising the Keyboard, Keyboard Table, KEY n,n
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XL specifications

The Atari XL series, launched in 1982, represented a significant evolution in home computing, building upon the foundation laid by the Atari 400 and 800 systems. This line of computers included popular models such as the Atari 600XL and 800XL, both of which combined affordability with robust capabilities, making them attractive options for home users, educators, and enthusiasts alike.

One of the standout features of the Atari XL series was its color display capabilities. The systems supported a resolution of 320x192 pixels with a vibrant palette of 128 colors, which enabled rich graphics for games and applications. This was complemented by the system's powerful Antic graphics chip that allowed for advanced video display modes, making the Atari XL series particularly popular for gaming and multimedia applications.

Another key technology driving the Atari XL series was its use of the 6502 processor, which delivered efficient performance and allowed for smooth multitasking. The systems typically came with 64KB of RAM, expandable to 128KB, providing ample memory for running multiple applications simultaneously, a notable feature in comparison to other microcomputers of the time.

The Atari XL series also introduced a new, user-friendly operating system known as Atari DOS. This improved disk management capabilities, making it easier for users to manage files and applications on floppy disks. The systems were equipped with built-in BASIC programming language, enabling users to dive into programming and coding, fostering a generation of hobbyists and developers.

Each model in the Atari XL series came with a distinctive keyboard design, offering both a chic and functional layout. The keyboards were known for their tactile feel, making them suitable for typing and coding over extended periods.

Additionally, the Atari XL computers were compatible with a wide range of peripherals, such as printers, modems, and disk drives, enhancing their versatility. Users could also take advantage of a rich library of software, including educational programs, productivity tools, and an ever-growing selection of games.

The Atari XL series not only boasted solid technology and capabilities but also garnered a devoted community. The systems contributed to a vibrant culture of gaming and computing in the early 1980s, which remains fondly remembered by enthusiasts today. With their combination of innovative technology, user-centric design, and a diverse software library, the Atari XL series played a crucial role in the evolution of home computing.
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