4.2.4.2 Routing algorithms, RIP

The rate of information processing and its trustworthiness depend on the routing algorithm. But more complicated and high-speed algorithms imply high requirements to the router’s capacity.

Static routing algorithms are the simplest ones. The network administrator establishes routing tables, and they do not change until the network administrator changes them. Algorithms of static routers are simple to design and they work well in simple networks with low traffic.

Dynamic routing algorithms are more complicated ones. They adjust in real time to network changes. They do this by analyzing incoming routing update messages. If the router receives a message about a network change, it makes updates it’s routing table and sends out this information to all the nodes.

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP), implemented in MDS92xxx-10BT modems is a dynamic routing protocol.

RIP routing tables contain information about packet destination, next hop, and hop counts (metrics). The routing table can also contain other information such as timers.

Destination

Next hop

Distance

Timers

Flags

 

 

 

 

 

Network A

Router 1

3

t1, t2, t3

x,y

 

 

 

 

 

Network B

Router 2

5

t1, t2, t3

x,y

 

 

 

 

 

Network C

Router 1

2

t1, t2, t3

x,y

 

 

 

 

 

RIP supports only optimal routes to destinations. If new information provides a better route, this information updates the old one. Changes in the network topology can cause changes in the routes, resulting, for example, in creation of better routes to a definite destination. If the network topology changes, these changes are reflected in updating messages. For example, when a router finds a failure of one of the links or another router, it recalculates its own routes and sends out routing updates. Each router that receives routing update messages, includes changes to its tables and sends them out.

4.2.4.3 Internet Access through LANs, NAT

The Network Address Translation technology allows one to solve to main problems the Internet faces now. This is a restriction of the address space of IP and routing scaling.

If necessary to get an Internet access, when the number of network nodes connected to the Internet provider is bigger that the number of IP addresses, NAT allows private IP networks, using unregistered addresses, to get an access to Internet resources. NAT functions are configured on a border router, dividing Intranet and Internet networks.

If necessary to change internal address system, instead of a complete change of all the addresses (and this is quite a pain-taking process), NAT allows translating them according to the new address plan.

Version: 1.0

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Black Box Version 1.0 user manual Routing algorithms, RIP, Internet Access through LANs, NAT
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