Travel angle is the angle in the line of welding and may vary from 5º to 45º from the vertical, depending on welding conditions.
Work angle is the angle from horizontal, measured at right angles to the line of welding. For most applications, a 45º travel angle and 45º work angle is sufficient. For specific applications, consult an arc welding handbook.
WIRE SPEED
The wire speed is controlled by the knob on the front panel. The speed needs to be “tuned” to the rate at which the wire is being melted in the arc. Tuning is one of the most critical functions in wire feed welding. Tuning should be performed on a scrap piece of metal the same type and thickness as that to be welded. Begin welding with one hand “dragging” the gun nozzle across the scrap piece while adjusting the wire speed with the other hand. Too slow of speed will cause sputtering and the wire will burn up into the contact tip (See Figure 11). Too fast a speed will also cause a sputtering sound and the wire will push into the plate before melting. A smooth buzzing sound indicates the wire speed is properly tuned. Repeat the tuning procedure each time there is a change in heat setting, wire diameter or type, or work piece material type or thickness.
TRAVEL SPEED
The travel speed is the rate at which the wire is moved across the weld area. Factors such as diameter and type of weld wire, amperage, position, and work piece material thickness all effect the speed of travel necessary for completing a good weld (See Fig. 11). When the speed is too fast, the bead is narrow and bead ripples are pointed as shown. When the speed is too slow, the weld metal piles up and the bead is high and wide.
SLAG REMOVAL
Wear ANSI
! WARNING approved safety glasses (ANSI Standard Z87.1) and protective clothing when removing slag. Hot, flying debris can cause personal injury to anyone in the area.
After completing the weld, wait for the welded sections to cool. A protective coating called slag now covers the weld bead which prevents contaminants in the

Operating Instructions and Parts Manual

Modelos WF2050, WF2054 y WF2057

Welding Guidelines

Glosario de Terminología Usada por Soldadores

General

This line of welding machines utilizes a process called Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW). The FCAW process uses a tubular wire with a flux material inside. Shielding is obtained from the decomposition of the flux within the tubular wire.

When current is produced by a transformer (welding machine) and flows through the circuit to the weld wire, an arc is formed between the end of the weld wire and the work piece. This arc melts the wire and the work piece. The melted metal of the weld wire flows into the molten crater and forms a bond with the work piece as shown in Figure 6.

Diffuser

Contact

Nozzle

Tip

Slag

Flux

Weld

Wire

Crater

Work Piece

Figure 6 - Weld Components

Arc Welding Basics

Five basic techniques affect weld quality. These are: wire selection, heat setting, weld angle, wire speed, and travel speed.

An understanding of these techniques is necessary for effective welds.

HEAT SETTING

The correct heat involves the adjustment of the welding machine to

the required setting. Heat or voltage is regulated by a switch on the welder. The heat setting used depends on the size (diameter) and type of wire, position of the weld, and the thickness of the work piece.

Consult specifications listed on the welder or generalized chart in the Operation section. It is suggested that the welder practice with scrap metal to adjust settings, and compare welds with Figure 11.

WIRE TYPE AND SIZE

The correct choice of wire type involves a variety of factors, such as welding position, work piece material type, thickness, and condition of surface to be welded. The American Welding Society, AWS, has set up certain requirements for each type of wire.

The AWS classification for self-shielding wire (FCAW process) is a multi digit number preceded by the letter E.

E - 7 0 T - GS

Weld strength, times 10,000 pounds per square inch Welding positions (0 for flat or horizontal, 1 for any position) Tubular flux cored wire Flux type

AWS E71T-GS or E71T-11 is recommended for these welders.

WELD ANGLE

Weld angle is the angle at which the diffuser nozzle is held during the welding process. Using the correct angle ensures proper penetration and bead formation. As different welding positions and weld joints become necessary, nozzle angle becomes an increasingly important factor in obtaining a satisfactory weld. Weld angle involves two positions - travel angle and work angle.

5º - 45º

Work Angle

5º - 45º

Travel Angle

CA o Corriente Alterna - corriente eléctrica que cambia de dirección periódicamente. Corriente de 60 ciclos se desplaza en ambas direcciones 60 veces por segundo.

Longitud del Arco - la distancia entre el extremo del electrodo y el punto de contacto con la superficie de trabajo.

Metal Básico - el material que se va a soldar.

Unión a tope - la unión de dos miembros alineados aproximadamente en el mismo plano.

Cráter - el vacio que se forma cuando el arco hace contacto con el metal básico.

CD o Corriente Directa - corriente eléctrica que se deplaza en un sólo sentido. La polaridad (+ o -) determina el sentido del desplazamiento.

CD Polaridad Reversa - ocurre cuando el portaelectrodo está conectado al polo positivo de la soldadora. Esta tecnica dirije más calor para derretir el electrodo en vez de la pieza de trabajo. Generalmente esta técnica se usa con piezas delgadas.

CD Polaridad Directa - oocurre cuando el portaelectrodo está conectado al polo negativo de la soldadora. Con esta tecnica la mayoría del calor se dirije a la pieza de trabajo para lograr una mayor penetración en piezas gruesas.

Electrodo - un alambre de metal con una capa que tiene aproximadamente la misma composición del material que se va a sol-dar.

Soldadura de Filete - soldadura triangular, para unir dos superficies en ángulo recto, en T o en las esquinas.

Fundente - un material, que al calentarse, emite un gas que cubre el área donde va a soldar. Este gas protege los metales que va a soldar contra las impurezas presentes en el aire.

Soldar con Arcos de Fundente - también se conoce como soldar sin gas, esta técnica para soldar usa una soldadora con alambre. El alambre es tubular y lleno de fundente.

Soldar con Arcos de Metal Gaseoso , es un proceso para soldar usado con una soldadora con alambre. El alambre es sólido y se usa un gas inerte.

Soldar con Arcos de Tungsteno - es un proceso para soldar usado con soldadoras con generadores de alta frecuencia. El arco se crea con un electrodo no-consumible de tugnsteno. No necesariamente se usa metal de relleno.

Unión de superposición - la unión de dos miembros superpuestos en planos parale-los.

Voltaje de circuito abierto - el voltaje entre el electrodo y la pinza de conexión a tierra de la soldadora cuando no hay flujo de corriente (no se está soldando). Esto determina la rápidez con que se enciende el arco.

Sobremonta - ocure si el amperaje es demasiado bajo. En este caso, el metal derretido se cae del electrodo sin haberse unido al metal básico.

Porosidad - cavidad que se forma durante la solidificación del área soldada. Las porosidades debilitan la unión.

Penetración - la profundidad que el arco se penetra dentro de la pieza de trabajo durante el proceso de soldar.

Para soldar bien se debe lograr 100% de penetración, es decir todo el grosor de la pieza de trabajo se debe derretir y solidificar. El área afectada por el calor se debe ver facilmente desde el otro lado.

Soldar con arcos protegidos - es un proceso de soldar que usa un electrodo consumible para sostener el arco. La protección se logra al derretir el fundente del electrodo .

Escoria - una capa de residuo de fundente que protege la unión de óxidos y otros contaminantes mientras los metales se solidifican (enfrian). Este se debe limpiar una vez que el metal se haya enfriado.

Salpiqueo - las particulas de metal que salpican durante el proceso de soldar y que se solidifican en la superficie de trabajo. Esto se puede minimizar al rociar un repelente adecuado antes de comenzar a soldar.

Soldadura de puntos - una unión hecha para mantener las piezas alineadas hasta que se haya completado el proceso de soldar.

Angulo de desplazamiento - el angulo del electrodo con respecto a la línea a soldar. Este varia entre los 5º y 45º según sean las condiciones.

Unión en T - es la unión del borde de una pieza de metal con la superficie de otra en un ángulo de 90º .

Socavación - el resultado de soldar con un amperaje demasiado alto. Esto ocasiona ranuras en ambos lados de la reborde que reduce la resistencia de la unión.

Sedimento - el volumen de metal derretido al soldar antes de que se solidifique como metal soldado.

Reborde - una capa delgada o capas de metal depositado en el metal básico cuando el electrodo se derrite. Generalmente su grosor es el doble del diámetro del electrodo.

Angulo de trabajo- el ángulo del electrodo con respecto a la línea horizontal, medido en ángulos rectos a

Figure 7 - Weld Angle

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Campbell Hausfeld WF2057, WF2050, WF2054 General, Arc Welding Basics, Heat Setting, Wire Type and Size, Weld Angle

WF2050, WF2054, WF2057 specifications

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